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Browsing Research Papers and Publications by Subject "Anemia"

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    Assessment of the diagnostic performance of TrueHb ® point-of-care hemometer compared with Sysmex i3 analyzer among patients at International Hospital Kampala, Uganda
    (Dove Press, 2019-04-01) Taremwa, Ivan Mugisha; Ndeze, Ivan; Mwambi, Bashir; Atuhairwe, Christine; Achieng, Diana Inda; Natukunda, Bernard
    Aim/Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of TrueHb ® point-of-care (POC) hemometer compared with Sysmex i3 analyzer at International Hospital Kampala, Uganda. Materials and methods: We analyzed ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples to estimate hemoglobin (Hb) levels using parallel testing with TrueHb ® hemometer and Sysmex i3 analyzer. Data were analyzed to ascertain the diagnostic performance of the test assays using the Bland and Altman method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: The study enrolled 402 patients; of these, 156 (38.8%) were males. The average Hb levels were 8.7±1.8 and 13.3±2.6 g/dL for the anemic and nonanemic patients, respectively. One hundred and fifty-five participants were anemic, giving anemia prevalence of 38.56% (95% CI: 35.17–40.38). The mean difference of the TrueHb ® and Sysmex i3 assays was 2.2219 (SD 1.07915), and the two devices did not show a difference in their measurements (t=−2.407, p-value 0.017, 95% CI: −0.095–0.010). Further, they showed a significant level of agreement (t=41.281; 95% CI: 2.1161–2.3277) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC=0.793). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 100.00%, 51.01%, 55.16% and 100.00%, respectively. The average performance turnaround time (TAT) for the TrueHb ® hemometer was 2.46 mins (95% CI: 2.37–2.55). Conclusion: TrueHb ® POC hemometer is an accurate POC for Hb estimation with a good performance agreement with the Sysmex i3 analyzer. This, coupled with its utility aspects, makes it a good diagnostic tool in a high anemia burden and low-resource setting.
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    Hematological abnormalities in HIV-antiretroviral therapy naïve clients as seen at an immune suppression syndrome clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, southwestern Uganda
    (Dove Press, 2018-06-27) Katemba, Crispus; Muzoora, Conrad; Muwanguzi, Enoch; Mwambi, Bashir; Atuhairwe, Christine; Taremwa, Ivan Mugisha
    Aim/objective: To assess the common hematological abnormalities among HIV-antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve clients attending an immune suppression syndrome (ISS) clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), southwestern Uganda. Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out during the months of March to August 2016 at the ISS clinic of MRRH. We collected approximately 4.0 mL of EDTA anticoagulated blood samples, which were assayed for complete blood count, CD4+ cell count and thin-film examination. Correlation of the hematological abnormalities with CD4+ cell counts was done using correlation coefficient (r) and analysis of variance (F ), and the p-value was set at ≤0.05. Results: A total of 141 clients were enrolled. Of these, 67.38% (95/141) were anemic, 26.24% (40/141) had thrombocytopenia while 26.95% (38/141) had leucopenia. Of the 95 participants with anemia, 89.47% (85/95) presented with normocytic-normochromic anemia, 8.42% (8/95) with microcytic-hypochromic anemia and 2.11% (2/95) with macrocytic-hypochromic anemia. Anemia was not different across the several World Health Organization (WHO) stages of HIV infection disease progression (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences were present among participants with leucopenia (p<0.05). Also, leucopenia was more prevalent (11/38) among participants in WHO stage 4 of HIV infection. CD4+ cell counts correlated with thrombocytopenia (r=0.24, p<0.05) and leucopenia (r=0.15, p<0.05). Conclusion: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV/AIDS) ought to be routinely monitored and treated for the occurrence of hematological abnormalities. Early initiation of ART can help to prevent some hematological abnormalities.
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    Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Socio-Demographic Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending an Antenatal Care Clinic at Kisugu Health Center IV, Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda
    (Dovepress, 2020) Mahamoud, Naimo Khalif; Mwambi, Bashir; Oyet, Caesar; Segujja, Farouk; Webbo, Fred; Okiria, John Charles; Taremwa, Ivan Mugisha
    Aims/Objectives: This study sought to determine the prevalence, morphological character- ization and associated socio-demographic factors of anemia among pregnant women attend- ing Kisugu Health Centre IV, Makindye Division, Kampala, in Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that employed laboratory analysis of blood samples to determine hemoglobin concentration, and a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic factors associated with anemia during pregnancy. Results: We enrolled 345 pregnant women aged 15 to 43 years. The median, interquartile range, and mean Hb levels were 8.1g/dL, 6.4 ± 2.1g/dL and 7.9g/dL, respectively. There were 89 participants whose Hb levels were indicative of anemia, giving anemia prevalence of 25.8% (95% confidence interval: 21.6–29.8). Of these, 25 (28.1%) had mild anemia, 46 (51.7%) had moderate anemia, while 18 (20.2%) had severe anemia. Thin blood film examination showed normocytic-hypochromic (75.3%), then microcytic-hypochromic (21.6%), and macrocytic- hypochromic red blood cells (3.4%). The socio-demographic factors of gestational age, parity, and mother’s occupation were significantly associated with the risk of anemia (p< 0.05). Conclusion: We report a high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women; with a majority of hypochromic-microcytic anemia. This may necessitate more anemia awareness and it requires institution of nutritional interventions to avert fetal-maternal complications
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    Prevalence, morphological characterization, and associated factors of anemia among children below 5 years of age attending St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Gulu District, Northern Uganda
    (Dove Press, 2018-10-30) Ocan, Apollo; Oyet, Caesar; Webbo, Fred; Mwambi, Bashir; Taremwa, Ivan Mugisha
    Aim/objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, morphological characterization, and the associated factors of anemia among children under the age of 5 years at St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Gulu District, Northern Uganda. Materials and methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to each participant’s parent/caregiver to collect data on sociodemographic factors, feeding pattern, and history of chronic illness. Hemoglobin (Hb) estimation was performed using a HemoCue 201 + analyzer. Peripheral thin and thick blood films were made from venous blood and stained with Giemsa to morphologically characterize red blood cells (RBCs) and investigate hemoparasites, respectively. We collected and examined stool specimens from each participant using wet preparations and formol–ether concentration technique for intestinal parasites. Descriptive statistics was used to describe study participants and to determine the prevalence of anemia. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors associated with acquiring anemia at a P-value≤ 0.05. Results: The study enrolled 343 children below the age of 5 years. Of these, 62.7% (N=215) were females. The IQR, median, and mean Hb levels were 5.1±3.2 g/dL, 8.2 g/dL, and 7.9 g/dL, respectively. Overall, 160 (46.6%, 95% CI: 42.1–51.46) children had anemia. The magnitude of severe, moderate, and mild anemia was 11.9%, 58.8%, and 29.4%, respectively. Morphologic characterization of anemia revealed hypochromic-microcytic (65.4%, N=106), hypochromic- macrocytic (15.4%, N=25), and normochromic-microcytic (19.1%, N=31) anemia. Factors associated with anemia were parasitic infestation, history of chronic disease, lack of complementary foods, complementary feeding for not more than twice a month, and households’ with annual income less than 200,000 Ugandan Shillings. Conclusion: We report the high prevalence of anemia among children below 5 years of age in Gulu District, Northern Uganda. Thus, strategies geared at addressing the etiologic causes (such as nutrient deficiency and parasitic infections) are key to reduce it in the region.