Bachelors in Nursing

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Wellbeing Of Informal Caregivers Of Cancer Patients At Uganda Cancer InstituteWellbeing Of Informal Caregivers Of Cancer Patients At Uganda Cancer Institute
(Clarke International University., 2021-11) Kobusingye, AnneMary
Background: Informal caregivers of cancer patients play a key role and provide essential support to cancer patients along the illness trajectory. However, this might put a big burden on the lives and wellbeing of these caregivers. Objectives: This study was conducted among informal caregivers of cancer patients at Uganda Cancer Institute to explore their wellbeing as they take care of their relatives suffering from cancer. Methods: A total of twenty informal caregivers participated in the study. Data was collected through in-depth interviews (eight) and focused group discussions (one for male and the other for female caregivers, each having six participants). Results: Six sub themes emerged from the analysis of data: ―negative wellbeing‖, ―activities of daily living‖, ―treatment support‖, ―financial constraints‖, ―fears and concerns‖ and ―self- rejuvenation‖. The sub themes emerged from ten categories of: ―full time job‖, ―challenging role‖, ―patient feeding‖, ―patient bathing‖, ―medicine giving‖, ―lost employment‖, ―inability to purchase medicine‖, ―patient might die‖, ―spiritual renewal‖, and ―keeping busy‖. Conclusion: Informal caregivers of cancer patients at UCI experience negative wellbeing, attributable to the care giving job being a full-time job and being a challenging role, and also because of financial constraints as well as the fear that the patient might die. However, they cope by listening nourishing message and music. Recommendations: Government and the Uganda Cancer Institute should consider improving the wellbeing of informal caregivers of cancer patients for example through extending to them financial and emotion support activities.
Factors Influencing Timely Antenatal Care Clinic Visits Among Pregnant Mothers IN Mukono General Hospital, Mukono District
(Clarke International University., 2021-12) Nabatanzi, Edith
Background: Antenatal Care (ANC) is a complex set of activities aimed at reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality which is achieved by decreasing the likelihood that a pregnant woman will experience serious complications during pregnancy labour and peurperium by improving the maternal death and pre-labor fetal outcomes of women with complications. Purpose: This study will serve the purpose of identifying the factors associated with first antenatal care visits during the first trimester. This will assist health workers at Mukono general hospital to come up with appropriate health education programs about the importance of early attendance of ANC services. Objectives: To determine the proportion of pregnant mothers who visited antenatal care clinic timely in Mukono general hospital, to identify the socio-demographic factors influencing timely antenatal care clinic visit among pregnant mothers in Mukono general hospital, to establish the maternal factors influencing timely antenatal care clinic visit among pregnant mothers in Mukono general hospital. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was used to collect quantitative data on timely ANC visits and associated factors simultaneously at a point in time. A cross sectional study design was also cheap, quick data and easy to apply which allowed the researcher to complete data collection in time. Consecutive sampling was used to select eligible participants. All pregnant women who attended ANC clinic at Mukono general hospital during the period of data collection were identified daily and asked to participate in the study consecutively until the required sample size was obtained. Results: Results revealed that about four in every ten of the pregnant mothers initiated their first ANC visit within the first trimester at Mukono general hospital. It was also revealed that education level higher than informal education was associated with late ANC visit. Conclusion: Results revealed that timely initiation of ANC visits among mothers seeking ANC services at Mukono General Hospital was low. Late ANC visit was associated with having formal level of education, being a housewife, lack of planning for the current pregnancy and 14 failure to conduct pregnancy test while early ANC clinic visit was associated with professionals, peasants, residing in semi urban and urban settings. Recommendations: To improve the proportion of mothers initiating ANC timely, this study recommends the strengthening of income-generating opportunities for women. Also, because pregnancy planning was associated with lower chances of early ANC timing, the study recommends a follow-on study to examine the reason for this observation. Finally, since pregnancy testing is associated with early ANC timely, the MOH could adopt communication messages regarding visiting a health facility within a week of a missed menstruation period for mothers.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Cleft Lip And Palate Infants’ Failure To Thrive After Nutritional Rehabilitation At Corsu Rehabilitation Hospital Entebbe.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Namugerwa, Christine
Background; Cleft palate and/or cleft lip (CP+/-L) are among the most common congenital anomalies, with an incidence of 1/1000 live births globally and 0.73/1000 live births in Uganda. Study objectives: the main objective was to assess the prevalence and associated factors in CLP infants‟ failure to thrive after nutritional rehabilitation at CoRSU hospital Wakiso district with specific objectives being caregiver, infant and health facility factors associated with failure to thrive. Methods: The researcher used an analytical cross sectional study design employing both qualitative and quantitative data collections approaches. Frequency distribution of the variables was presented using percentage, chi-square test was used to assess the level of association at 95% level of confidence, and the results were triangulated using qualitative findings. Results: The study found that the prevalence of CLP infants‟ failure to thrive was very high (95%) among infants after nutrition rehabilitation. However, higher prevalence was observed among infants whose caregivers were housewives (57.1%), low and middle monthly income earners (85.8%), those who were rural residents, (57.1%), children who had had infections (p=0.023) and, those able to feed with bottles (97.6%). Conclusions: A relatively close association was observed between caregiver factors and failure to thrive among CLP infants invarying proportions whereby caregivers‟ knowledge on feeding, poor attitudes towards feeding CLP infants, had higher proportions; while being a housewife and having low level of income; and residence in rural areas were other barriers. Infant factors associated with CLP infant‟s failure to thrive were absence of suckling and bottle-feeding ability, having oropharyngeal dysphagia and having recurring infections. Recommendations: CoRSU management to include family counselling, income generating activities and home visits or free telephone contacts for caregivers into their interventions; should avail recordings of the health information in the local languages. Min of Healthshould establish nutrition rehabilitation units in all the regional referral hospitals. Early assessment and prompt treatment of infection should continue to be priority.
Factors Influencing The Utilization Of Reproductive Health Services Among Adolescents (14-19Years) In Maddu Subcounty: Gomba District
(Clarke International University., 2022-03) Namakula, Harriet
Introduction: It is important to note that adolescents and the youths form the backbone of economic development of any country their health is a worthwhile investment for the growth and development, yet they are highly vulnerable to conditions and issues which are reproductive health in nature and they are preventable, yet little is done. This attracted the researcher to carry out a study which was guided by specific objectives that included; determining the level of utilization of the Reproductive Health Services among adolescents aged 14-19 years in Maddu Sub County, identifying demographic, socio- economic and health facility system factors affecting the utilization of the Reproductive Health Services among adolescents aged 14-19 years in Maddu Sub County. Methodology: The study used a cross sectional research design that employed quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. A sample size of 382 respondents who were adolescents was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Results: Findings indicated that out of the 382 respondents, a few 118 (31%) utilized Reproductive Health Services. Social demographic factors were; primary education (AOR=63.24, 95% CI: 5.83-685.41, P=0.001), secondary education (AOR=38.40, 95% CI: 7.01-210.38, P=0.001), tertiary education (AOR=7.45, 95% CI: 1.70-32.71, P=0.008), widows (AOR=0.04 95% CI: 0.01-0.39, P=0.005) and being in school (AOR=99.81, 95% CI: 0.06-0.63, P=0.006). Social economic factors; never felt stigmatized to seek RHS (AOR=23.16, 95% CI: 3.37-159.18, P=0.001), found accessing RHS unaffordable (AOR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.04-0.27, P=0.001) and not staying with their parents (AOR=13.88, 95% CI: 4.24-45.43, P=0.001). Health system factors included not having received information on RHS on a routine basis (AOR=30.36, 95% CI: 5.51-167.41, P=0.001) and not having mobile and flexible RHS in the area were less likely to utilize RHS (AOR=0.018, 95% CI:0.003-0.096, P=0.001). Conclusion: There was low utilization of Reproductive Health Services where a third of the adolescents utilized them. Utilization of RHS was associated with having low levels of education, being in single and being in school, not feeling stigmatized to seek RHS, afford ability to RHS in terms of costs and distance to the facility and not staying with parents, having received information on RHS on a routine basis and having mobile and flexible RHS in the area were less likely to utilize RHS.
Malaria Prevalence And Associated Factors Among Children Below The Age Five Years Attending Nakaloke Health Center Iii In Nakaloke Town Council, Mbale District
(International Health Sciences University, 2018-05) Kituyi, Irene Rose
Introduction: It is noted globally over 95 countries and territories have on going malaria transmission with an estimated 3.2 billion people who are at risk of getting infected. The WHO indicates that 214 million people are infected with malaria worldwide and of these 438,000cases result in deaths. Children below five years are the most susceptible to malaria illness which accounts for estimated deaths of 303,000 before reaching age five globally and 292,000 occur in the African region (WHO world malaria report 2016). Objective: To determining the prevalence of malaria and the associated risk factors among children below 5 years in Nakaloke HC III, Nakaloke town council in Mbale district. Methodology: The study was a quantitative and cross section survey which involved a sample size of 243 care takers of 243 children below the age of five who attended Nakaloke HCIII. A convenient sampling method allowed data to be collected about malaria prevalence and the associated factors simultaneously in the months of August and September 2017. Results: The prevalence of malaria was high 118(48.6%) and the factors that were significant with malaria prevalence included; house hold source of light (x 2 = 8.560, P=0.036), care taker knowledge of signs and symptoms (loss of appetite) x 2 =4.023, P=0.045) and environmental factor about presence of garbage heaps (x 2 =4.322, P=0.038). Conclusion: Prevalence of malaria was high and it was influenced by house hold source of light, knowledge and signs and symptoms of malaria and garbage heaps around the homes. Recommendations: This study recommended that caretakers should not stop at having knowledge about malaria prevention transmission, but should have a positive attitude on the implement of the preventive measures. Health unit workers, community health workers and VHTs together with stakeholders should put in more effort to ensure that information about malaria is communicated to the caretakers in languages best under stood and should mainly target the vulnerable households in the community. The town council authorities and local leaders need to work with community to ensure proper garbage disposal. The Town council health team has to liaise with the district health team to strengthen the health system on prevention and control of malaria through sustainable messages like posters on malaria, TV messages and programs on malaria. Lobby for electricity in all the households of the town council.
Factors Associated With Initiation Of Complementary Feeds Among Infants Aged 6 To 24 Months In Ggogonya Village, Nsambya Parish, Makindye Division, Kampala District
(International Health Sciences University, 2018-12) Namukasa, Mary Juliet
Introduction: In Uganda, it was estimated that 63% of mothers initiate complementary feeding before six months and most of these are in urban areas leading to about 2.3 million young children to be chronically malnourished. In addition, 16% of children under 5 are underweight while 6% are wasted, and 12% of women are malnourished (UDHS, 2016). This attracted the researcher to carry out a study about the factors associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants aged 6 to 24 months in Ggogonya Village, Nsambya Parish, Makindye Division, Kampala District. The specific objectives included; to assess the prevalence of initiation of complementary feeds to assess the demographic, social economic and knowledge level factors associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants aged 6 months to 24 months. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive and cross sectional research design based on quantitative method of data collection. A sample size of 398 respondents who were caretakers of infants aged 6 months to 24 months was used and were selected by systematic and simple random sampling. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaires. Results: Prevalence of in appropriate initiation of complementary feeds was high at 270 (67.8%). Demographic factors were significantly associated with initiation of complementary feeds among infants included; age (χ 2 =36.41, P=0.000), birth order of this child (χ 2 =10.16, P=0.038), place of delivery (χ 2 =6.13, P=0.047), gender of the respondent (χ 2 =5.79, P=0.016), age of the respondent (χ 2 =21.24, P=0.000), marital status of the respondent (χ 2 =9.22, P=0.027) and Number of children who currently lived in the household (χ 2 =10.17, P=0.017). Social-economic factors included; being employed (χ 2 =5.34, P=0.021). Knowledge level included; time of initiation of complementary feeds (χ 2 =8.48, P=0.014), Importance of initiation of CF in case a child wants to eat (χ 2 =7.24, P=0.007), knowledge about any danger in starting complementary feeds early (χ 2 =4.47, P=0.034), aware of any danger of late CF (χ 2 =4.87, P=0.027), importance of feeding a child on vitamin A foods (χ 2 =16.69, P=0.002), washed hands washing (χ 2 =7.75, P=0.005), time children’s utensils were washed (χ 2 =6.44, P=0.040), Used soap to wash the utensils of the child (χ 2 =16.42, P=0.001), washing of child’s utensils (χ 2 =21.67, P=0.000), storage of child’s utensils (χ 2 =12.07, P=0.001), Mode of feeding the child (χ 2 =9.78, P=0.021). Conclusion: Initiation of complementary feeds was poor mainly due to inadequate knowledge about complementary feeds and poor hygiene in preparation and serving of foods and utensils Recommendations: Health-care workers should health educate caretakers about complementary feeds especially on the importance of initiation of complementary feeds at the right time even if the child wants to eat and caretakers should always maintain good hygiene of foods and utensils
Determinants Of Patient Satisfaction With Health Care Services At Out Patient Department Of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Piloya, Sarah
Introduction: The main purpose of the study is to assess the determinants of patient satisfaction with health care services at outpatient department of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital The World Health Organization (2015) defines patient satisfaction as the interlinking relationship between perceived needs, patient expectations and experiences. Patient satisfaction, defined as patients‟ subjective feelings or evaluation of medical staff, their technical skills, environment, and all other healthcare services (Onwujekwe et al., 2010). Patient satisfaction is believed to be an important indicator of the quality of health and hospital services. With specific objective, To determine the level of patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To determine the physical environment factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To examine the health worker factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. To identify the hospital administration related factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH Method used: A descriptive and cross sectional study design that relied on quantitative methods of data collection. Cross sectional design was chosen because data on patients‟ satisfaction on OPD services was collected at one point in time due to the time constraint. Descriptive study design was suitable for giving a detailed view of the associations between variables and therefore informs decisions for further research. Results: Despite the fact that majority 194 (65.5%) of the respondents were females, 153 (51.7%) were between 18 to 25 years, 142 (47.9%) were singles, 139 (46.9%) had primary as their high level of education. The major form of occupation to most respondents was self employment and 102 (34.5%) had work experience below 5 years. It was found out that, 210 (71.0%) of the respondents were not satisfied with the health care services while 86 (29%) were satisfied with the health care services given. Also it was found out that most 117 (56%) of the respondents were most unsatisfied with the health workers while the least pressing problem was language barrier. And Where patients sleep and the presence of dustbins were the only physical and environmental factors that were not statistically significant, with p-values of 0.321 and 0.066 respectively All but except one of the health workers factors were statistically significant as per table of health worker associated factors. All the health facility factors had statistically significant relationship with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery. Conclusion: The level of satisfaction was 29% level of satisfaction, it was found out that, majority of the respondents were not satisfied with the health care services where they were mostly unsatisfied with the services of the health care providers. This implied that there was low satisfaction with the health care services due to a number of factors. The study assessed the patient related, health care worker related and health facility related factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care service delivery at OPD clinics of GRRH. The physical environment factors that were found to have a significant relationship with patients‟ satisfaction include; getting a seat whenever they visited the hospital, cleanliness of the hospital and availability of dustbins at the hospital. The health workers factors that were significantly associated with patients‟ satisfaction were; giving of enough information about illness, availability of health workers and having enough time with the health workers and attention to explain the problem The health facility of payment for health care services; availability of counseling services in the hospital, time of operative hours of the day and privacy(P=0.05) were significant associated with patients satisfaction
Care Giver Factors Associated With Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV Infected Children At Kisugu Health Centre III
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Echiru, Andrew
Background: Adherence to ART among children is a dynamic challenging process involving several factors. With use of effective ART therapy, survival of children with AIDS has extensively increased but the benefits of this therapy are limited by non-adherence. This study aimed at establishing the caregiver factors associated with adherence to ART among children infected with HIV at Kisugu Health Center III. Methodology: The study was carried out using a cross – sectional descriptive study design. The design used only quantitative methods of data collection while in the field and the study population included only caregivers of HIV sero – positive children at Kisugu Health Center III ART clinic by the time of the study and its where a sample of 188 respondents were selected by means of simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with use of pretested and structured questionnaires. Descriptive and summary statistics were employed. Uni-variate and Bi-variate logistic regressions and their 95% confidence intervals were computed to determine the level of statistical significance. Results: Less than half 40.4% of the caregivers indicated that their children were adherent to ART therapy in the last week preceding the interview. The study found out that primary caregivers relationship with the child (P=0.039], primary caregivers level of education (P=0.010), Social support (P=0.043) and ART counseling services (P=0.000) were independently associated with adherence. None of the treatment related factors was statistically significantly associated with adherence to ART among children. Conclusion Only 59.6 %(112) of pediatric patients had good adherence to ART in the previous week prior to study start. The fact that the primary caregiver was a parent of the infected child adversely affected adherence whereas adherence rates were seen to increase with increasing primary caregiver level of education. Recommendations Caregivers should be educated and provided with appropriate and accurate information on HIV/AIDS and about ART therapy as well as encourage support groups since social support improved adherence to ART therapy. There is thus need for assessments of the caregiver’s education level, relationship to the child and provision of social support and ART counseling services in an effort to ensure improved adherence to ART at Kisugu Health Center III.
Factors Influencing Adherence To Antiretroviral Therapy Among Adolescents And Young Adults Attending China Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru - Kampala District
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Aciro, Noel
Background: To attain progressed treatment success and maintain a continuous improvement of lives, ART and excellent adherence must move hand in hand. The treatment process of adherence goes further beyond just taking ART medication, requiring dedicated activity of the patients to follow a practitioner recommended diet, and to execute healthy lifestyle changes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors influencing ART adherence among AYA attending CUFH, Naguru – Kampala district, so as to tailor interventions effective in improving ART adherence which will reduce the increased HIV related mortality in this age group. Methodology: The study was a cross sectional study conducted at CUFH, Naguru. It enrolled 133 HIV/AIDS positive AYA on ART attending CUFH, and used convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a researcher administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study revealed a higher proportion of non-adherence as compared to adherent respondents. Factors influencing adherence included; Care giver factors such as socio-support and affordability of the ART drugs were significantly associated with adherence to ART (P- value<0.05) Drug related factors such as duration on ART, Side effects from the drug were significantly associated with adherence to ART (P-value<0.05). Health system related factors such as time spent with the health care workers during ART clinic visits, confidence in the Health care providers, availability of ARVs at the facilities, counseling at time of initiation to ART and on-going counseling on drug adherence during ART clinic visits were significantly associated with adherence to ART (P-value<0.05). While Individual characteristics such as age (P-value<0.05) were significant predictors of adherence to ART among the respondents. Conclusion and Recommendations: Basing on the findings, more funds should be allocated for the expansion and access to HC services, including HIV treatment. Health activists should come up with advocacy for AYA positively living with HIV using educational materials to specific groups, promote the need for persons positively living with HIV to have access to counseling, support and health care, and lastly peer education. Adherence should be assessed at each visit and those found to be non-adherent should be referred for more standardized ART adherence counseling. HCWs should ensure that clients are fully equipped with adherence knowledge, given social support, follow up, and counseling to maintain continued adherence to ART care. More Adolescent clubs in schools and health facilities should be put in place for the AYA to interact and learn about positive living. And finally, counseling should be ensured at Individual, group, and peer levels in order to motivate and mentor AYA.
Factors Influencing Early Sexual Practices Among Secondary Schools Teenagers In Nakaseke District
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Nabaggala, Jane
Back ground: The rising occurrence of teens‟ early sexual practice is one of the most alarming public health concerns, worldwide. Regardless of the proclamation of the jeopardy of early sex, students increasingly pick interest in sexual practice at a very early age than ever before. However, its magnitude in Nakaseke district is not known and it is crucial that we fathom the various potential factors that are associated with early sexual practice, targeting effective prevention interventions and policies to encourage postponing of sexual debut until marriage in order to improve the reproductive health of the teenagers. Objective: To determine the factors that influence early sexual practice among secondary school teenagers in Nakaseke District, Uganda. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted and 391 secondary school students (13-19) years old were recruited from 4 secondary schools in Nakaseke district by a random sampling. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaire and focus group discussions, analysed by Graphical tests Prism 6.0. Chi-square tests were used to determine the relationship between demographic factors, social-economic factors, and environmental factors influencing early sexual practices. For all statistical tests, p value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Almost half (47%) of the respondents had experienced intercourse before the age of 18 years, 38% started sex as early as before 13 years, 89.1% had sex willingly, 46.2% had multiple sexual partners. The findings also showed that sex (χ 2 =27.45, p-value of <0.001), religion (χ 2 =37.31, p-value of 0.001), class (χ 2 =15.22, p-value of 0.001), parental formal education (χ 2 =8.377, p-value of 0.015), fasting (χ 2 =99.37, p-value of 0.001) and cultural beliefs (χ 2 = 14.33, p-value of 0.001).Among the social economic factors, father‟s sexual education (χ 2 =8.704,3, p value 0.03 accessibility of information on media (χ 2 =12.42, p-value of 0.002), different sources of information on sexual issues (χ 2 =28.62, p-value of 0.001), parental employment (χ 2 =21.94, p-value of 0.001), (χ 2 =124.1, p-value of 0.001), number of girl/ boyfriends (χ 2 = 15.98,1, p- value of 0.001), pressure for sex (χ 2 = 15.98, p-value of 0.001), peer influence (χ 2 =87.99, p-value of 0.001), lack of negotiation skills (χ 2 =203.2, p- value of 0.001), substance use (χ 2 =19.79, p-value of 0.001, attending night club ( χ 2 =38.73 p- value of 0.001), and sex for goods (χ 2 =116.4, p-value of 0.001) were significantly associated with sexual practice among the respondents. Conclusion and recommendation: Due to the high prevalence of early sexual practices as early as before 13 years of age, there is need for re enforcement of policies about adolescents, raise awareness to the public about the dangers of early sexual practices and address youths about sexual and reproductive health. In addition, the church in partnership with other organisations can actively emphasize the “NO SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE” message.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Diabetes Type 2 Among Persons Aged 30 To 65 Years Old Attending Diabetic Clinic At Tororo District Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Nyakuri, Emma
Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II) prevalence is increasing rapidly around the world with both high morbidity and mortality and a high health cost. It has emerged as global pandemic due to a fast upsurge in Lifestyle, socio-demographic and health systems related factors. There was, therefore a need for this study to assess the prevalence and factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tororo district hospital during the month of May to June, 2017. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among clients aged 30 to 60 years attending the diabetic clinic at Tororo hospital. The factors assessed include socio-demographic, life style and healthy system factors. Method. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors associated with of type 2 diabetes mellitus among persons aged 30 to 65 attending diabetic clinic at Tororo hospital. Convenience non probability random sampling technique was used to obtain respondents. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and was analyzed in SPSS version 16.00 and presented in form of frequency tables. In addition, random blood glucose testing was employed to identify with diabetes at the clinic. Subjects with random blood sugar ≥11.1mmol/l on the following day were subjected to fasting blood glucose testing and they were confirmed to have DM II if they had blood glucose level of ≥7 mmol/l. In each subject, height, weight was measured and Body mass index calculated using standard procedures. Results. A total of 110 participants were included in this study, 74 (69.1%) were females and 36(30.9%) were males. Most (59.1%) respondents in the age group 41 to 65 years. Overall prevalence of DM II was 54.5%, (n=60). Prevalence was high in females (64.9%; n= 74) than in males (33.3%; n=36). The age group 41 to 65 years had the highest prevalence of DM II (96.9%, n=65) followed by 30-40 years age group (37%, n=45). Socio-demographic factors such gender, age, relation to member of family with diabetes mellitus type 2, and average monthly income were significantly associated with prevalence of DM II. Lifestyle factors such as food consumed, weight, BMI, quantity of smoking in a day, exercising, interval of exercise per week, duration of exercise, alcohol consumption and intervals of alcohol consumption per week were significantly associated with DM II (P<0.05). Furthermore, health system factors such having availability of healthy facility in respondents home area, estimated distance to the health center and adequate staffing at facility were significantly associated with DM II (P<0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation. Higher proportion of persons with DM II attend diabetic clinic at Tororo district hospital. The most predominant age group is 40 to 65 years, with obesity or overweight. It is therefore recommended that all those over 40 years, are obese or overweight should be routinely be screened for DM II and appropriate public health education given to all diabetic patient in all hospitals nationwide.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Head Injuries Among Patients Admitted To The Emergency Unit At Mulago Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Ndimwibo, Annet
Background: Globally about 5.8 million people die each year as a result of injuries where head injuries account for over 80% of the deaths. These mainly happen to people aged between 10 to 49 years due to mainly road accidents. Major causes include; personal characteristics such as young age, behaviors like drunk driving and poor state of the roads couple with non adherence to traffic laws (WHO, 2010). There are increasing cases of head injuries in Uganda which attracted the researcher to carry out a study is to determine the prevalence and factors associated with traumatic head injuries among patients in Mulago Hospital as defined by the Kampala Trauma Score (KTSII) which is a locally developed. Methods: An analytical single center cross sectional study conducted on patients attending Mulago national Referral Hospital (MNRH) accident and emergency unit using an assisted semi-structured questionnaire from periods running 1 st October 2017 to 30 th October 2017 extracted from HMIS 031. Consecutively recruited into the study after obtaining consent or waiver was done. Severity was determined as per the KTSII. Data obtained was entered and analyzed using STATA version 14 software to determine the association between head injury status and the independent characteristics of the patients. The use of binary logistic regression was used and considered statistically significant at 95% CI with a P<0.2 and P<0.05 for the independent variables at both bivariate and multivariate levels respectively. Results: Prevalence of traumatic HI was 25.6% (n=64) with severity of THI reported at 68.7% (n=44). Prevalence of traumatic head injuries is high. Being children or in bereavementaOR7.525 (1.220 – 46.433), low levels of education AOR 12.024 (3.168 – 45.636), utilization of „boda boda‟ AOR 3.055 (1.115 – 8.373) or inconsistent public transport AOR 5.511 (1.414 – 21.487) were associated factors to head injuries while frequent use of public transport more than thrice weekly was noted to be protective AOR> 6 (P-value <0.018).Multi-sectoral approach model needs to be devised to handle prevention of head injuries. Conclusion and recommendation: Incidence of head injuries mainly depended on gender, geographical region of origin in Uganda and educational level of the respondent. Individual factors included; alcohol consumption by the victims and frequency of transport utilization. The researcher therefore suggests that, victims should avoid drunk driving and observation of traffic laws.
Factors Associated With Initiation Into Antiretroviral Therapy Care Among People Living With Hiv Attending Entebbe General Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Osanya, Colleen
Background: Most people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa are initiated to antiretroviral therapy with advanced stage HIV infection. Despite the fact that timely initiation to ART is a critical milestone in achieving full potential of HIV treatment scale-up, there are various bottlenecks associated with initiation to ART among PLWHA. It was therefore paramount to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices associated with pain assessment among nurses. Methods: The study was carried out at the ART clinic of Entebbe General Hospital, 384 participants took part in the study, these were selected using simple random sampling technique. The study utilized a cross-sectional study design and a self administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS and presented inform of frequency and contingency tables. Results: Data was collected was collected among 384 respondents. Individual factors such as age, marital status, level of education, ever heard about antiretroviral therapy/drugs before enrollment to ART, source of information about ART and health of the PLWHA (P<0.05). With regards to health facility factors associate with initiation to ART, distance to the health facility, publicizing ART services by the facility, friendly health care providers, perceived knowledge of HCWs on ART treatment by PLWHA, Perceived confidentiality of medical records of PLWHA and the attitude of Health care providers towards PLWHA at the facility. Psychosocial factors associated with Initiation to ART among PLWHA included receiving psychosocial support in the past one month, who gives the social support, use of alcohol or other drugs, and stigma from the society (P<0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: Programmatic initiatives promoting targeted support to extension of ART services closer to PLWHA and earlier diagnosis, engagement of clients in ART initiation may facilitate earlier ART initiation.
Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Of Nurses On Prevention And Control Of Hospital Acquired Infections In Soroti Regional Referral Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Okwii, Moses
Although nurses prevent and control infections they lack the necessary knowledge to practice infection prevention and control. There is low compliance to infection control precautions including hand hygiene, the use of gloves and sharps management as a result of limited knowledge, poor staff attitude towards infection control measures leading to prolonged stay of the patients in the hospital, functional disability or reduced quality of life, high resistance to antimicrobial agents, emotional stress, additional financial costs for both the patients and their families and finally unnecessary deaths. This infections are actually preventable. It was essential to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses toward their prevention. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of the nurses on prevention and control of Hospital acquired infections in Soroti Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study which employed simple random sampling method and a semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data from nurses in Soroti regional referral hospital. The sample size of 88 participants was used. Data was analyzed and tables, graphs, pie charts and percentages were generated. Study findings: The findings of the study revealed that 65.9% of the respondents were female while 34.1% were male. The diploma nurses constituted 48.9%, enrolled 29.5% and 21.6% of the respondents were graduates with degree award. Greater percentage of the respondents were diploma holder. Modal age group is 21-29 (48.9%, majority the respondents had experience of 1-5 years (58%). 51.1% of the respondents were very knowledgeable about hospital acquired infections, 37.5% of the respondents were quite knowledgeable about Hospital acquired infections. 81.8% of the respondents strongly agreed that every patient should be treated as if they carry blood borne. On the same note, 83.0% of the respondents said they always observe the infection control practices 90.9% of the respondents stated that they don’t recap needles after use. 96.6% of the respondents said they place disposable sharps in safety box immediately after use. Results also indicate that, 96.6% of the respondents always use gloves when doing procedure while 3.2% of the respondents sometimes use gloves when doing procedure. xiConclusions. The respondents are more knowledgeable, having a positive attitudes towards but with low level of practices on prevention and control of hospital acquired infections. Recommendations. Health facilities should provide every nurse with guidelines on infection control measures, and should strictly supervise the nurses to ensure compliance. Health facilities should provide adequate disposal material to the nurses. Nurses should be given opportunities to upgrade and males also need to be encouraged to offer nursing course.
Factors Influencing Uptake Of Safe Male Circumcision Among Residents Of Nakavule Village Aged 15-49years
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-12) Nangobi, Rashida
ABSTRACT Introduction: Male circumcision is one of the ancient and commonest surgical procedures in the world. It is taken up because of different reasons, such as; cultural, religion, social, and medical benefits. Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the factors influencing uptake of SMC among residents of Nakavule village aged 15-49 years. The objectives were; to determine the socio-demographic, individual factors and health system factors contributing to uptake of SMC. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with 350 participants. Data collection was by use questionnaires. Stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling were used to obtain the participants. Results: 75.4% of the respondents were circumcised with 45.1% medically circumcised. Age of the respondents (P=0.004) and ethnicity of the respondents (P=0.001) had significant association with uptake of SMC. Fear of HIV testing (P=0.062) and fear of long wound healing time (P=0.122) had no significant association with uptake of SMC. In addition, availability of SMC services (P=0.001) and the sex of staff (P=0.000) had significant association with uptake of SMC. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed that uptake of SMC was 75.4%. Contributing factors in uptake of SMC include age, religion, education status, and peer pressure, knowledge about SMC, attitude towards SMC, availability of SMC services, sex of staff and attitude of the health workers. With regards to the findings of the study, it is recommended that more effort should be put on circumcising younger men and finding ways to overcome the perceived barriers to SMC.
Knowledge Of Health Effects And Attitudes Of Youths Of Lubaga Division Towards Shish
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Seyoum, Moges Petros
Background; Shishas are water pipes that are used in smoking specially made tobacco made in different flavours. There has been a steady increase in smoking of water piped tobacco globally as well as in Sub Saharan countries such as Uganda. This practice is mainly adopted during the youth stage of life. Although most people think Shisha smoking has got fewer effects than cigarette smoking, different studies have reported that it has got more health effects that cigarate smoking. The study sought to assess the knowledge on health effects, attitudes and practices towards Shisha smoking among residents of Lubaga Division, Uganda. Methodology: The study was conducted in Lubaga division. its located approximately 3 kilometres from Kampala central business district and is the most densely populated area in Kampala. A cross sectional study design was used for the study while as snow ball sampling technique was used as the sampling approach. 300 respondents fully completed the interviews. Results; Most respondents (72.6%) had a low level of knowledge on health effects of Shisha smoking and a negative attitude towards Shisha smoking. With regards to practices associated with Shisha smoking; findings showed that most respondents who smoke Shisha don’t smoke cigarettes (62.4%), most respondents reported that there is a member of their family who frequently smokes Shisha (37.3%) and this was reported to be commonly the Father (48.6%). Majority respondents started Shisha smoking when they were more than 18 years old (83.6%), furthermore most respondents (46.3%) reported that they were influenced by friends to start smoking Shisha. Currently, most respondents reported that they smoke Shish using the water pipe system 139(46.3%), they smoke tobacco in form of Shisha (74%) and do it on regular basis. Conclusion and recommendation: Health policy makers should streamline health education programs that will help Shisha users in understanding appropriate health effects, prevention measures, cessation and other policy interventions such as financing PHC campaigns aimed at preventing Shisha smoking. Strict adherence to the Laws and tobacco control policies specifically against Shisha smoking should be warranted with careful and vigilant attention by all Shisha users and suppliers and places where Shisha smoking is practiced. Law enforcement agencies should ensure that all tobacco products including Shisha should be covered by laws in both high as well as in middle income places and residential homes. Social media platforms should be utilized as a potential health education platform targeting the youth, since mainly Shisha smoking is initiated during this developmental stage.
Factors Influencing Adherence To Tuberculosis Treatment Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending Mpigi General Hospital - Mpigi District
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Nakibirige, Rehemah
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the cause of 1, 8 million deaths annually, 99% of the deaths occurs in the developing countries and among the poorest people of these countries. Studies between high and low income countries demonstrate that rates of TB are significantly higher in poorer populations. World Health OrgBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is the cause of 1, 8 million deaths annually, 99% of the deaths occurs in the developing countries and among the poorest people of these countries. Studies between high and low income countries demonstrate that rates of TB are significantly higher in poorer populations. World Health Organization introduced DOTS as global strategy for providing TB services which was expected to be delivered primarily by government run public health services (WHO, 2015). Objective: The main objective was to assess the factors influencing adherence to anti tuberculosis treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending Mpigi general hospital Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using qualitative method of data collection. 133 respondents were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Responded were interviewed with a structured standard questionnaire. 4- item Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS)was used to measure adherence. Results: 36% of the study participants were found to be adherent to their prescribed medication Conclusion: High percentages of respondents were not adherent to their medication. Factors that influenced adherence were; Age, Marital status, occupation, level of education , Smoking, drinking alcohol, meals per day, knowledge about TB, Medication availability in the hospital, distance from the hospital and co morbidity.anization introduced DOTS as global strategy for providing TB services which was expected to be delivered primarily by government run public health services (WHO, 2015). Objective: The main objective was to assess the factors influencing adherence to anti tuberculosis treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending Mpigi general hospital Method: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using qualitative method of data collection. 133 respondents were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Responded were interviewed with a structured standard questionnaire. 4- item Morisky Medication Adherence Score (MMAS)was used to measure adherence. Results: 36% of the study participants were found to be adherent to their prescribed medication Conclusion: High percentages of respondents were not adherent to their medication. Factors that influenced adherence were; Age, Marital status, occupation, level of education , Smoking, drinking alcohol, meals per day, knowledge about TB, Medication availability in the hospital, distance from the hospital and co morbidity.
Factors Associated With The Practice Of Voluntary Blood Donation Among Community Members Aged 15-50 Years In Mutundwe-Kiggaga Zone, Lubaga Division In Kampala
(International Health Sciences University, 2018-11) Jjemba, Alex
Introduction: Blood transfusion is a fundamental component of healthcare. It plays a big role in saving millions of lives every year, both in routine cases and emergencies. Voluntary donation is the prime factor to a safe and bountiful supply of blood. Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the factors associated with the practice of voluntary blood donation among community members aged 15-50 years in Mutundwe, Kiggaga zone from May to June, 2017. The objectives were; to determine the socio-cultural, individual factors and health system factors associated with the practice of voluntary blood donation. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with 111 participants. Data collection was by use questionnaires. Stratified random sampling technique and simple random sampling were used to obtain the participants. Results: Approximately 33.3% of the respondents had ever donated blood with 41% having donated twice. Culture (P=0.015), myths and misconception (P=0.003), age of the respondents (P=0.019), fear of donating blood (P=0.001), availability of blood donation centers (P=0.003), accessibility to blood donation centers (P=0.012), and conduciveness of blood donation center (P=0.003) had significant association with practice of voluntary blood donation. Conclusion and recommendation: The study revealed that prevalence of practice of voluntary blood donation was 33.3%. Contributing factors in practice of blood donation include culture, myths, age, fear, availability, accessibility and conduciveness of blood donation centers. With regards to the findings of the study, it is recommended that more effort should be put on sensitizing younger residents and finding ways to overcome the perceived barriers to blood donation.
Factors Associated With Adherence To Lifestyle Modifications Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Kiwoko Hospital
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Nassuna, Grace
Introduction: The reduction in the incidence of diabetes is directly associated with change in lifestyle. Adherence to lifestyle modifications is a problem common with type 2 diabetic patients. According to International Diabetic Federation, of which Uganda is a member country, there are 400,600 people in Uganda registered with Diabetes Mellitus. The focus of the government in advancing free medical care and other support systems in Uganda has attained less success. The rising challenge of the condition remains a threat to the livelihood of the people Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with adherence to lifestyle modifications among type 2 diabetic patients attending Kiwoko hospital. The specific objectives were; to assess the individual factors, socio-economic factors and DM related complications associated with adherence to lifestyle modifications among type 2 diabetic patients attending Kiwoko hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 diabetes type 2 patients attending Kiwoko hospital in the period of June 2017. Data was collected using a researcher administered questionnaire from randomly selected patients and analyzed using SPSS were chi-square tests were conducted to determine the associations. Results: The proportion of patients that adhered to type 11 diabetes mellitus lifestyle modifications was 39.6%. Majority of the respondents had knowledge about lifestyle modifications and positive attitude towards adherence. The most practiced modifications were; dietary modifications (89.6%), attendance of DM clinics (89.6%) and abstinence from abuse of substances (84.4%). Two thirds of the respondents (45.8%) had emergency visits to the hospital due to uncontrolled sugar levels. Age (P=0.000), average monthly income (P=0.000), uncontrolled sugar levels (P=0.006) and damage to the eyes and nerves due to DM (P=0.000) had significant association with adherence to lifestyle modifications. Conclusion and recommendation: Low adherence to life style modifications among people with type 11 diabetes in Nakaseke District is significantly associated with, age, religion and income status. Dietary modifications, regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, self-care behavior and abstinence from substance abuse are significantly associated complications such as diabetic foot uncontrolled sugar levels and damage to eyes and nerves. A multi- disciplinary approach should be used to increase adherence to life style modifications for type 11 diabetes.
Knowledge And Attitude Towards The Practice Of Breast Self Examination Among Women In Namuwongo Zones A And B
(International Health Sciences University, 2017-11) Mamman Dan, Musa Safiya
Background: The study assessed the level of knowledge, attitude and practice about breast self- examination among women in Namuwongo Zones A and B in February 2017 with an aim of preventing breast cancer among women. Methodology: The study was carried out using a descriptive cross sectional design where 143 respondents were used. These were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected through self administered interviews and data was analysed by Microsoft excel and Chi-Square Tests. Results: Majority 81 (56.3%) of the respondents were between 18 and 30 years, 84 (58.7%) were married, 65 (45.7%) had secondary education, 50 (34.8%) were housewives, 118 (82.4%) were Christians and 131 (91.4%) had never had family members who suffered from breast cancer. Respondents had good knowledge about breast self examination because; all of them had ever heard of it where 77 (54.2%) heard from the media. Many rightly knew the signs of breast cancer 106 (73.8%). 112 (78.4%) knew that breast cancer could be detected early enough through physical identification of the signs and symptoms. 110 (77.2%) knew the right age BSE should be carried (above 19 years) and 123(85.8%) knew that it could be done by palpating with the palm and a minimum of three fingers. However, they did not know that it was only for females 82 (57%) and did not know it should be carried out weekly. Majority had negative attitudes towards breast self-examination because; 106 (74.1%) perceived BSE as a sex abuse action and obscene, 89 (62.2%) believed could never know whether they had breast cancer through BSE and 75 (52.4%) didn’t know BSE helps in prevention of breast carcinoma. Respondents’ practices towards breast self-examination were generally poor. In the first instance few had ever performed BSE. The few; 55 (38.3%) who had ever done it, never did it regularly where 32 (58.6%) of them examined their breasts monthly, 31 (38.9%) had last examined their breasts six months ago and mainly did it in the evening 24 (46.2%). Conclusion: Despite having good knowledge about BSE, they had negative attitude towards it where they did not believe that could detect breast cancer themselves which deterred their will to perform BSE. The researcher therefore suggests enhancing health education and sensitization to all females about the prevalence of breast cancer and the importance of BSE. Recommendation: Extensive health education campaigns should be provided to the community. Nurses should play role in developing a collaborative care model to provide education to the public.

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