Bachelor of Science Public Health

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/59

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 319

Factors Associated With Hypertension Among Adults Aged 50 Years And Above In Moyo General Hospital, Westnile Region Uganda.
(Clarke International University., 2022-11) Mandre, Emmanuel
ABSTRACT Background; Hypertension has become a significant public health burden and is one of the major leading causes of premature death globally. However, its prevalence is higher in central Uganda region (34.3% 95%CI: 32.6% to 36.0%) than northern Uganda 22.0% (95%CI: 19.4 to 24.6%) and West Nile region was 24.1%. Thus, this study seeks to assessed factors associated with hypertension among adults aged 50 years and above in Moyo general hospital. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was used to gather information on factors associated with hypertension among adults aged 50 years and above between the months of February and March 2022. Odd ratio was used to assess factors associated with hypertension at multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Samples of 309 respondents were interviewed and out of those 61.81% were hypertensive while 38.19% had normal blood pressure. this study found factors associated with hypertension among respondents who are moving less than one km to reach nearest health facility had reduced chances of being hypertensive as compared to those who move 1km and above (OR=0.1;95%CI:0.012 to 0.852; p=0.035). Availability of hypertensive drugs at the health facility (OR=0.402; 95%CI: 0.206 to 0.782; p=0.007). Having access to hypertensive drugs from private clinics increased likelihood to having normal blood pressure (OR=3.236; 95%CI: 1.56 to 6.713; p=0.002). Conclusions; The prevalence of hypertension is still very high in this study; therefore, its recommended that the district health team need to establish hypertension screening services at lower level health facilities to prevent moving long distance looking for it services.
Factors Associated With Self-medication Among Adults Attending Pharmacies In Namugongo Division, Wakiso District.
(2022-02) Izere, Chelsey Lena
Introduction: Self-medication is becoming increasingly common among adults in Uganda. Despite its potential risks at individual and community level, not enough studies have been done in Uganda on self-medication. This study sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of self-medication amongst adults attending pharmacies in Namugongo Division. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adults attending pharmacies. A total of 381 respondents were systematically selected and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The outcome variable was the medication with or without prescription from a doctor / medical worker. Using STATA 15.0 for data analysis, bivariate analysis using chi square and the Odds Ratio was used to determine factors independently associated with self-medication amongst adults. A 95% confidence interval and p value of < 0.05 was used to test significance. Results: The prevalence of self-medication amongst adults in Namugongo division was 58.9%. Respondents that were in the age groups of 20 to 29 years (OR 1.30 (1.11-1.53)) and 40 years (OR 1.61 (1.39-1.87)); were employed (OR 1.15 (1.07-1.24)) or retired (OR 1.33 (1.23-1.43)); were married (OR 1.18 (1.10-1.27)), divorced (OR 1.37 (1.28-1.47)), widowed (OR 1.29 (1.18-1.41)); and with an average monthly income (OR 1.11 (1.01- 1.23)) were more likely to self-medicate. Whereas respondents who were Muslims (OR 0.80 (0.73-0.88)) or Pentecostals (OR 0.83 (0.73-0.94)); and with a secondary level of education (OR 0.86 (0.75-0.98)), were less likely to self-medicate. Conclusion: Self-medication is a common problem amongst adults attending pharmacies in Namugongo Division and it puts them at risk of adverse effects and possible poor treatment of chronic diseases. It’s associated with age, marital status and occupation. There is need for Division Health Department to focus on socio-demographic factors affecting self-medication and encourage improved health seeking behavior.
Prevalence And Determinants Of Postpartum Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device Use Among Postpartum Mothers In Abori Cell In Lira East Division.
(Clarke International University, 2022-02) Okullo, Augustine
Background: Postpartum intrauterine contraceptives device (IUCD) is a reliable, effective, safe and recommended contraceptive method for the postpartum mothers. However, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of use of postpartum IUCD and its determinants among mothers in Lira district. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of postpartum IUCD use among postpartum mothers in abori A and B cells in Lira city east division. Methods: A community-based analytic cross-sectional study was done at Abori Cell A Division in Lira district. Data were collected using pretested researcher-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, cleaned and entered in EpiData and analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Research (SPSS) version 20. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were conducted, and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Of 384 participants studied, 37(9.6%) had used postpartum IUCD. The use of postpartum IUCD was independently associated with maternal age ≥35 years (Adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 8.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-49.19; p = 0,021), parity ≥3 (aOR, 4.19;95%, 1.78-10.80; p=0.002), at least secondary level of education (aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.85; p=0.030), and reporting that IUCD has no adverse effects (aOR, 8.83; 95% CI, 3.91-21.90;p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of intra-uterine contraceptive device use among postpartum mothers at Abori A and B Cells, Adekokwok ward, Lira City East division was low. Maternal age ≥35, parity ≥3, absence of IUCD adverse effects are associated with increased use of postpartum IUCD while at least secondary level of education is associated with reduced use. Recommendation: There is a need to provide mothers with correct and accurate information about postpartum IUCD through health education. This will contribute to improving the use of postpartum IUCD in the study area. Contraceptive service providers need toregularly monitor use of postpartum IUCD for adverse side effects and take corrective active as fast as possible.
Influence Of Maternal Knowledge And Attitude Towards The Uptake Of Childhood Vaccination For Children Below One Year In Koboko Town Council - Uganda
(Clarke International University, 2022-02) Alima, Palma Benz
Immunization is one of the most successful and cost-effective public health interventions in the constant effort of human beings against diseases that affect our wellbeing. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, reluctance and unwillingness to vaccinate has been identified as one of the challenges. This could be based on misinformation and due to lack of trust. According to Ministry of Health Annual Health Development Report for Uganda, the rural vaccination percentage being 57% and there is medium knowledge about immunization The objective of the current study was to establish the influence of maternal knowledge and attitude towards uptake of childhood vaccination for babies below one year in Koboko Town Council - Uganda. A cross-sectional study design utilizing quantitative method, which was conducted among 377 caregivers of children below one year nursing students in in Koboko Town Council who were randomly, selected using systematic random sampling. The participants completed a structured questionnaire in English. Data was collected by administering pretested structured questionnaires by trained research Assistants. Data was single-entered and analyzed using statistical software version 22 for analysis. Frequency tables and graphs were used to describe the study variables. From the 377 participants, uptake of childhood vaccination was low at 50.9%. Uptake of childhood vaccination was high among children whose caregivers were prime gravida (OR: 4.526, 95% CI: 1.651-8.528, p-0.001), source of information being primary healthcare centre (OR: 2.561 95% CI: 1.170-4.762, p-0.000) and being aware of vaccines schedules for babies below one years (OR: 7.091, 95% CI: 3.667-16.891, p-0.019). While low uptake was report among caregivers who agreed that some of the information on vaccines is scary (OR: 0.197, 95% CI: 0.088-0.497, p-0.011) and culture does not allow child immunization (OR: 0.425, 95% CI: 0.126-0.771, p-0.007). Therefore, the study recommends that all health center and health personnel should pay more special attention to encourage and educate the parents about the values and benefits of the vaccination and vaccine preventable diseases and its consequences to children‘s health.
Factors Associated With Underweight Among Children Below Five Years At Munuki Primary Health Care Centre South Sudan.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Ngonga, Rebecca
Background: Globally, approximately 200 deaths per 100,000 in children below five years are due to under nutrition (GBD, 2018). In South East Asia, under nutrition is a leading public health problem particularly in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India (Akhtar et al, 2018). Moreso, 428 deaths per 100,000 in children below five years in Pakistan were due to under nutrition (GBD, 2018). In developing countries like Burkina Faso, malnutrition especially underweight among children below five years is more prevalent (MoH Burkina Faso, 2019). In Africa, an estimated 13.4million children under-five years of age, or 8.5%, were wasted in 2017 and these children are at substantial increased risk of SAM and death. In Africa, the estimated prevalence under-five overweight increased from 4% in 1990 to 7% in 2017. Objectives: To determine the proportion of underweight children less than five years in Munuki primary health care center, Munuki Payam south Sudan, to establish caregivers demographic factors associated underweight in children less than five years in Munuki primary health care center, Munuki Payam south Sudan, to determine household food security factors associated with underweight in children less than five years in Munuki primary health care center, Munuki Payam south Sudan. Results: Most of the respondents 56.9% were mothers to the children, 96.8% of the respondents were caretakers of the children by the interview period. Majority of the children 70.1% had their child‘s immunization cards or birth certificates or baptism card used to determine the date of birth, one third, 46.6% of the children were aged 6-11 months. Regarding gender of the child, 61.6% were male, 46.3% of the children were second born, 66.4% of the children had birth interval of at least two years from the older siblings. On birth weight, 59.5% of the children had birth weight of at-least 2.5 kg. Conclusion and recommendation : The prevalence of underweight among children below five years was high at 65.9%. Younger age, being male, having at-least 2 years birth interval were negatively associated with underweight among children below five years. Low level of maternal education were negatively associated with underweight among children below five years Having no readily available food, having no access to food throughout the years and not eating all type of food were associated with increased chance of underweight among children below five years in this study. Strengthen routine expanded program of vaccination at community level.
Factors Influencing Utilization Of Modern Contraceptives Among Postpartum Mothers At Namatala Ward In Mbale District.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Kayinza, Moreen
Background: A report from WHO, (2013) indicates that unintended pregnancies remain a major global public health problem despite considerable advances in contraceptive technologies. It‟s estimated that 222 million postpartum women have an unmet need for modern contraception. Contraceptive use reduces pregnancy rate, the number of unintended pregnancies, associated induced abortions and the proportion of high-risk pregnancies, therefore causing a reduction in maternal mortality and improvement in maternal and child health. Objective of the study: The main objective of the study was to establish the factors influencing utilization of modern contraceptives amongst postpartum mothers at Namatala ward in Mbale district. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 postpartum mothers during the period of study March to April, 2021. Researcher administered questionnaire and key informant interview guide were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS v20 software. Chi square and logistic regression was used to determine the association and relationship between factors and modern contraceptive use. Results:58% of mothers used modern contraceptives compared to 42% of their counterparts who used other methods. The factors influencing modern contraceptive use were knowledge of f/p methods(OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 0.01-1.85, P=0.02), spousal approval (OR: 2.0, 95% CI:0.2-9.6, P=0.04), places of receiving f/p services (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 0.3-9.0, P=0.000). Conclusion and Recommendations: Half of the postpartum mothers (58%) use modern contraceptives. The study recommended health education of mothers on choice of contraception, CME and training of health workers on effectively managing side effects of contraceptives.
Risk Factors Associated With Substance Abuse Among Adolescents In Kajjansi-Wakiso District, Kampala.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Ndakwe, John Manga
Background The practice of substance abuse in adolescence is one of the most degrading practice faced by the society. The overall abuse of opioids and deaths attributed to opioid misuse has continued to increase markedly in several countries like the U.S. and, among adolescents, the non- medical use of opioids appears to be increasing in the South and Midwest and in rural communities with lower socioeconomic status. Also, among university students in some countries like Sudan, an overall prevalence of substance use of 31% was obtained and tobacco was the most commonly used with a prevalence of 13.7%. This is followed by cannabis with a prevalence of 4.9% and curiosity was found as the major reason for substance use among the students (Osman T et al 2016). Methods. This will be a cross sectional study design employing quantitative methods. The quantitative approach was used on the data. Cross sectional study design because all the variables were studied concurrently and at a specific point in time Results. Majority of the study participants were males 52(68.4%) with a mean age of 24(19.72) with most of them being between the ages of 15-20 years. Different religious denominations were recorded by the different participants as we had Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, born again Christians and even those who don’t go to church. There is data from adolescents living with both parents 23(30.3%), single parents 38(50%) and orphans 15(19.7%). Most of them live in an urban area, Kajjansi 64(84.2%) and a few from rural areas 12(15.8%). Students 46(60.5%) and non-students 39(39.5) took part in this research. Conclusions and Recommendations. The present study results directly suggest that the factors influencing substance abuse among adolescents in Kajjansi resonate among individual adolescents, circumstances surrounding them, and the environment in which adolescents find themselves. Peer influence has been implicated as being at the peak of the prime factors affecting substance use among adolescents. Based on this revelation government, schools and communities should regulate peer networks that serve as a guide for substance use.
Factors Influencing Eating Habits Among Students At International University Of East Africa, Kampala District – Uganda.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Ssali, Shiba
Background: Student’s eating habits are influenced by several factor which may be social, cultural, religious, economic and environmental factors and these tend to change over one’s lifespan and across generations which directly affect their well being. Purpose off study: The aim of study was to determine the factors influencing the eating habits among students at IUEA, Kampala district – Uganda. Methodology: The study used a cross sectional study design that was carried out at International University of East Africa among 221 university students who were selected using s convenient sampling method. Data was collected using online questionnaires and the results were processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)to present it into frequency tables, graphs and pie charts. Findings: The existing feeding habits showed that 110(49.7%) ate two meals over the weekend yet only 8(39.8%) at two meals during the weekly days, , 128(57.9%) found it convenient to eat in the evening and 197(89.1%) skipped meals sometime. Ethnicity (P = 0.01), watching of nutrition programs on TV (P = 0.000), peer influence on eating practices (P = 0.000), foods consumed while at campus (P = 0.050), residence (P = 0.001), easy and quick to vegetables (P =0.028) were significant associated to eating habits of students. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study revealed that students eating pattern was mainly influenced by the school related factors and eating patterns compared to the individual related factors with majority feeding irregularly on fast foods. Therefore, efforts are needed to educate students on the correct eating habits to enhance proper health and well being.
Factors Associated With Food Safety Practices Among Food Handlers In Restaurants/Hotels In Nakawa Division, Kampala.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Arinda, Knowledge
Background: Food-borne diseases are a leading public health problem in Uganda and have been linked to inadequacies in food safety. However, there is limited information about food safety practices among food handlers. This study investigated the factors associated with food safety practices among food handlers in restaurants/hotels in Nakawa Division in Kampala, Uganda during November 2021 Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from food handlers using a structured questionnaire, entered in EpiData, and analyzed in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Both numerical and categorical data were descriptively summarized. The Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to test differences in food safety practices while factors associated with food safety practices were determined using binary logistic regression expressed as adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The level of statistical significance was set at <;5%. Results: Of 121 participants studied, 68 (56.2%) were females while 59 (48.8%) were aged 18-30 years. The study found that 30.6% participants had knowledge of food safety and 20.7% had knowledge of personal hygienic practices. Lack of formal training on food safety and hygiene (aOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14-0.68; p = 0.004) and disposal of wastes in a nearby bin (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.89; p = 0.031) were independently associated with food safety practices. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about food safety and hygiene and personal hygienic practices among food handlers in Nakawa Division is low. Lack of training on food safety and hygiene and poor waste disposal are associated with food safety practices. The study recommends the training of food handlers on food safety practices would improve the knowledge of food handlers on food safety practice, knowledge of personal hygienic practice, and proper waste disposal.
Assessing Adherence To Standard Operating Procedures For COVID-19 Prevention Among Market Vendors In Namuwongo Market, Makindye Division, Kampala.
(Clarke International University., 2022-02) Ayo Oluwamumiyo, Joy Marquis
COVID-19 is a deadly infectious disease and a new strain of the corona virus. The outbreak originated from a food market in Wuhan, China. The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets which are too heavy to hang in the air quickly fall on floors or surfaces. One can be infected by breathing in the virus if they are within close proximity of someone who has COVID-19 even though they are asymptomatic, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth. The main symptoms of the disease are fever, dry cough and weakness (WHO). The arrival of COVID-19 in December of 2019 was not of great concern to most people around the world and especially in Africa. This lack of concern gave room for laxity and led to the eventual uncontrolled spread of the virus across Asia, Europe, the Americas and finally Africa. On the 18th of March, 2020, the government ordered a suspension of public gatherings and on the 20th of that month enforced a lock down on all schools and businesses in the country. A day later, On a Saturday, the 21 st day of March 2020, Uganda recorded her first case of COVID-19. (Uganda MoH) this led to an immediate lockdown of all international borders in the country to reduce the spread of the disease. Despite those measures, the virus spread slowly at first; slower than most neighboring countries, but has rapidly increased in its transmission and hospitalization rates. This study will highlight one of the many reasons for the continuous spread of the virus as it targets the marketplace which is a lifeline to many during the lock downs that have been enforced and is easily accessed by most Ugandans. Market stalls all over Uganda have little to no social distancing and are hard to regulate because of their general design and arrangement leading to them serving as a possible hotspot for the uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 in Uganda. Due to the frequent interaction between market vendors and most people living in the country, it is important to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practices of both market vendors and their customers in regards to COVID-19 and reducing its spread. According to the world health organization and Uganda‟s ministry of health, there have been (at the time of writing) 84,116 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 1,966 deaths caused by COVID-19 in Uganda. This number increases every day. Market vendors hold an important position in the fight against COVID-19, because most people living in Uganda would at some point go to the market to purchase items of need. It is therefore necessary to understand the attitudes and practices these vendors and their customers have towards COVID-19 and its prevention because, if they do not adequately adhere to all the guidelines regarding preventing its spread, there is a risk that they would act as a major source in spreading the virus to their customers. This study therefore assesses the knowledge, practices and attitudes amongst market vendors and how it affects their adherence to the standard operating procedures provided by the government
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTPARTUM MOTHERS’ AND MALE PARTNERS INVOLVEMENT IN MODERN FAMILY PLANNING IN MUNUKI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE, JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN
(CLARKE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, 2022-02) NYAWECH, CHUOL NYUON;
Background; South Sudan as a country has one of the worst reproductive health situations in the world with a maternal mortality ratio of 789 per 100,000 live births, and a modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate of 4.7%, and to improve Family Planning utilization, social norms surrounding sexuality. Methods; we employed analytical cross-sectional study and used quantitative data collection approaches. The results were presented using frequency distribution and level of association was assessed using bivariate analysis at 95% level of confidence. Results; the study enrolled forty-eight respondents and out of those, only 47.92% of them had involved their male partners in the use of modern family planning. This was affected by cultural and religious barriers, cost of modern family planning services, being employed and less monthly income as limited information about other types of modern family planning method such implants, vasectomy and tubal ligation. Sources of information about modern family planning such as radio and television. Conclusions; the prevalence of male involvement into the use of modern family remains very low. Recommendations; For the respondents that stay in rural areas, the health care workers need to organize monthly community outreaches for family planning which starts with health education sessions and later offer the services for those indeed.
Factors Influencing Healthy Eating Habits Among University Students In Makindye Division- Kampala
(IHSU, 2018-11) MUKWAYA., GODWIN.
Background: Globally it‟s observed that at least 7% of the total population in colleges and universities are obese or malnourished or wasted. According to the American College Health Association revealed that only 7.3% of students ate five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily. The transition to college life often worsens dietary habits among students which could contribute to weight problems especially during the first year of college or university and continue during later years of life as such more literature is available to ascertain the healthy eating influences in life of university students. Objective of the study: The main objective of the study was to assess factors influencing healthy eating habits among university students in Makindye division-Kampala District Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among 383 students attending university studies. Both researcher and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative date using focus group discussion among students. SPSS was used to enter and analyze data. Chi square and logistic regression were used to determine the association and relationship between independent variables and healthy eating habits Results: 37% of the students had healthy eating habits while 63% had unhealthy eating habits. The factor that influenced healthy eating habits was course taken (OR=0.039, CI=0.170-0.938 P=0.035) Conclusion and recommendations: There is still a high burden of unhealthy eating habits among university students in Makindye Division–Kampala district. The following were recommended in order to increase on healthy eating habits among university students: There is need for university students to attend sessions concerning healthy eating habits throughout the university life, there is need for universities to conduct periodical sessions about healthy eating habits and the relationships to diseases and infections, need to regulate the food stuffs sold at and near the universities in order to indirectly influence the health eating habits, conduct health talks in different universities about healthy eating habits Monitor and institute markets and restaurants near universities and hostels Limit the advertisement about unhealthy foods that may cause university students to adopt to unhealthy eating habits as well as promoting advertisement of healthy foods that can make adoption of healthy eating habits.
Determinants of safety Measures Utilization by Employees at Excel Construction Limited, Kampala.
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Ninsiima, Viola
Introduction: The study assessed the determinants of safety measures utilization by employees at Excel construction company, Kampala. General objective: The study set out to establish the determinants of utilization of safety measures by employees at Excel construction company, Kampala. Study objectives: The specific objectives were: to asses individual determinants of safety measures utilization by employees at Excel construction limited Kampala, to determine the level of supervision on safety measures utilization by employees at Excel construction limited Kampala, to assess industrial determinants of safety measures utilization by employees at Excel construction limited Kampala. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was adopted and applied. The respondents were both male and female, aged 18 years and above. The researcher used both a self-administered questionnaire and researcher administered questionnaire and then sampled purposively. One key informant interview was held to capture qualitative data from health workers. Research questions were: What are the individual determinants of safety measures utilization by employees at Excel construction company, Kampala? what is the level of supervision on safety measures utilization for the employees at Excel construction company, Kampala? what are the industrial determinants of safety measures utilization at Excel construction company, Kampala? Data was analyzed descriptively using Univariate, bivariate and multivariate measures using SPSS programme version 17 where the chi-square, p-values were generated to find out the most significant variables determining utilization of safety measures. Results: Level of utilization of safety measures was very low varying from 12.1-19.6% for most of the times. 305(79.2%) of the respondents were males, 80(20.8%) were female, 290(75.3%) were aged 18-30 years old, 285(74.0%) had secondary level of education and 197(51.2%) were employed on temporary basis. Information got from the general safety officer, from the three sites, the total number of construction workers is 420, males with the highest number compared to females. Therefore female construction workers were few in number and had highly utilized safety measures than male employees. Utilization of safety measure was lower among temporary and casual employees compared to permanent employees. Information dissemination on safety measures increased utilization of safety measures. Conclusion and recommendations: Level of utilization of safety measures was very low varying from 12.1-19.6% for most of the times. Female employees had higher use of safety measures than males. Utilization of safety measures was lower among temporary and casual workers compared to permanent workers. Information on safety measures increase utilization of safety measures (There is need to urgently improve use of safety measures among Ugandan employees through information dissemination. However, such information dissemination strategy must target male, temporary and causal employees because of their low utilization of safety measures.
Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Female Students at International Health Sciences University.
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Nabulime, Aminah
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in sub Saharan Africa and accounts for the highest female cancer related mortality. In East Africa, estimated age standardized incidence rates for cervical cancer are 42.7 and mortality estimated at 34.6 per 100,000 women-years. Cervical cancer is the commonest female cancer in Uganda with an estimated age standardized incidence rate of 40 per 100,000. Objectives: The study established the uptake of cervical cancer screening among female students at International Health Sciences University(IHSU). It was guided by four specific objectives which were to; determine the proportion of female students, determine the sociodemographic factors that affect the cervical cancer screening, to assess knowledge, and attitude about cervical cancer screening among female students at IHSU using appropriate and relevant interventions. Methodology: The study used a cross sectional descriptive design where both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Data was collected from female students at IHSU. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages and presented in frequency tables. Chi-square statistical test was also used in the analysis. Results: The study showed that only 14.9% of the sampled respondents had ever had a Pap test within the last 3 years and socio-demographic factors, knowledge and attitude were associated with low uptake of cervical cancer screening among female students at IHSU. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that majority of the participants had knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors but could have had a negative attitude about cervical cancer screening and the Pap smear test, treatment and prevention strategies. Personal sociodemographic barriers could have hindered the use of Pap smear services hence a low uptake of cervical cancer screening among female students at IHSU. Recommendation: From the findings therefore, among others that; educational screening programs for students in the reproductive age group should be organized to describe risk factors for cervical cancer in order for to them better understand risks for cervical cancer. Health programs the by Ministry of Health (MoH) should be organized to focus on the minority individuals in understanding the high-risk behaviors. Routine health sensitization programmes be organized to create awareness about cervical and it is useful to be able to identify incorrect beliefs about high-risk behaviors.
Factors Influencing Exclusive Breast Feeding Among Post Natal Mothers:
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Nadiope, Love; Rachel
Increasing breast feeding could save 800,000 children and over $300 billion every year (WHO, 2016). Globally, an estimated 1 in 3 infants under 6 months are exclusively breastfed- a rate that has not improved in the past 2 decades. It is important for mothers to know that breast milk contains the exact nutrients a baby needs, it is easily digested and efficiently used by the baby’s body, it protects the baby against infections and babies should start breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth. Despite all these known benefits, the rate of exclusive breast feeding among mothers in Uganda remains low. Therefore, this study is going to investigate factors influencing exclusive breast feeding among post natal mothers in Entebbe General Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 358 mothers and quantitative methods of data collection were used to collect data from the respondents. The results from the study indicated that the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding among mothers at Entebbe General Hospital was low at 21%. Among the mothers who practiced exclusive breast feeding, the reasons included proper feeding for the baby, bonding with the mother, immunity of the baby and being influenced by their spouse, peers or health workers. The reasons for not exclusively breast feeding reported by the respondents included sickness of the mothers, mothers being busy, lack of milk in the breasts of the mothers, sickness of the baby and the death of the mother. The socio-demographic factors such as age (p=0.002), level of education (p=0.014), occupation of the mother (p=0.004) and average monthly income (p=0.001) were found to have a statistically significant association (p<0.005) with practicing exclusive breast feeding. Health facility factors such as having received breast feeding education at the health facility (p=0.018) and delivering from a health facility (p=0.024) were found to have a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with exclusive breast feeding. Therefore, health workers at Entebbe General Hospital should conduct continuous health education as regards exclusive breast feeding among mothers during antenatal care and post-natal care so as to provide sufficient information on the benefits of exclusive breast feeding for the babies as well as the dangers of not doing so. And mothers should attend both antenatal and post natal care services so as to access information on exclusive breast feeding.
Determinants of Exclusive Breast Feeding By HIV Positive Mothers in Mothers in Mulago National Referral Hospital
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Ntege, Farouk
The study sought to establish the determinants to exclusive breast feeding by HIV positive mothers. It was carried out among HIV positive mothers who are breastfeeding their infants of 0-6months in Mulago National Referral Hospital. The study adopted a cross sectional study design that employed both the quantitative and qualitative data collection approaches. A sample size of 81 respondents was used and these were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 from where Cross Tabulation Chi Square and Fisher’s exact test were done to examine the relationship of various determinants of compliance by HIV positive mothers to exclusive breastfeeding. The study findings indicated that the biggest number of study participants had breast fed their older children (70.4%), for more than 6 months (60.5%), were breast feeding the newly born child (77.3%) but only 36% complied with exclusive breast feeding among HIV positive mothers. Additionally, the study findings indicated that among the maternal factors affecting the compliance of HIV positive mothers to exclusive breast feeding, place of delivery (X2 -8.589 and P- 0.014), person influenced decision to stop breastfeeding (X2 -9.493 and P- 0.023), demonstration lesson how to breast feed (X2 -6.309 and P- 0.046) and type of problem experienced (X2 -4.238 and P- 0.039), were the only four factors significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding. Furthermore, the study findings also showed that none of the socio-cultural factors was found to be significant with exclusive breast feeding. Moreover, the study finding indicated that main sources of foods for the house hold (X2 -5.273 and P-0.046) was the only socio-economic factor that was significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding. More so, the findings of the study indicated that the number of times a mother attended prevention of mother to child transmission services (X2 -6.914 and P-0.016) was the only health facility factor significantly associated with exclusive breast feeding. The study findings imply that there is need to invent more all-embracing and broad approaches of providing exclusive breastfeeding education to HIV Positive Mothers. The Ministry of Heath may put in place interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding such as provision of appropriate skills and information to help HIV-positive mothers gain control over exclusive breastfeeding.
Compliance to Bio-Bio-Medical Waste Management Guidelines Among Health Workers at Private Health Facilities:
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Maiku, Charles
Background: BMW mainly comprises of waste that’s generated from health care establishments and comprise of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste. HW compliance to BMWM standard guidelines is very important in preventing existing associated health risks like injuries, infections and environmental pollution. Unfortunately, non-compliance among HW due to inadequate training, CME, and absence of legislation and guidelines hinders appropriate management of BMW. Objective: To assess the factors influencing HW compliance with the standard guidelines for bio-medical waste management in PHF in Juba City Council, South Sudan. Methodology: This study was conducted using a descriptive cross sectional study design which consisted of 384 health workers who were purposively selected using structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 384 respondents were interviewed with a response rate of 100%, among all the HW who were interviewed, 224 (58.3%) were males and the remaining 160 (41.7%) were females. The study revealed good knowledge on BMWM 179(98.7%) thus compliance with segregation 162(89.5%), storage 89(49.2%), collection 107(59.1%), Transportation 105(58.0%), incineration 139(76.8%). Regarding attitude, HW had positive attitude towards good BMWM practices 331(86.2%), however, poor attitude towards compliance was observed on utilization of color coded bins 181(47.1%). On health system factors, equipment availability contributed to good compliance as 370(96.4%) were aware of the equipments required for BMWM, infrastructure 342(89.1%) and HW who received CME were 228(59.4%). Conclusion: This study identified existing gaps in CME, attitude regarding BMWM practices, absence of guidelines limited utilization of the available BMWM equipments. There is need for a collective action from Both NMOH and the SMOH, Juba city council Authority and all proprietors of PHF to increase on level of training, monitoring and supervision, policy formulation and dissemination of the BMWM standard guidelines. Recommendation: There is need for continuous medical training to enhance HW knowledge and compliance on BMWM, develop, effect and disseminate policy guidelines, conduct routine inspections on utilization of available equipments and promote capacity building among HW on appropriate management of BMW to boost compliance.
Factors Influencing Utilisation of STI/HIV Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men(MSM) in Ggba Parish.
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Nakimwero, Rashida
Globally 5 % to 10% of all HIV infections are thought to be among men who have sex with men (MSM) and in many high income countries like US, anal sexual intercourse remain the most significant HIV transmission route. MSM account for 63% of new HIV infection and yet they constitute only 4% of the general population in the United States (Baral et al, 2007). The level of uptake of STI services among Men who have SEX with Men in Uganda remains low. In Uganda STI/HIV continues to be a serious public health problem leading to morbidity and mortality across the country (MoH, 2013). MSM are among the worst affected by the infection with a prevalence of 13.7% of HIV which is more than the prevalence among the general population in Uganda at 7.2% ( UNAIDS, 2014). Therefore this study seeks to determine the factors influencing the uptake of STI services among MSMS in Ggabe parish Makindye division. This was a cross-sectional study involving 182 MSM who were selected using snow balling sampling techniques. The level of uptake of STI/HIV services was low among MSM at 38%. Among those who utilized the STI/HIV services, the services utilized by the MSM included STI/HIV screening, STI/HIV treatment, counseling, condoms and lubricants. Socio-economic factors such as age (X²=11.342, p=0.001), level of education (8.231, p=0.015), average income (X²=9.598, 0.021) and being denied health care services (X²=9.432, p=0.011) were found to have a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with the uptake of STI/HIV among MSM. A significant proportion of the MSM had a low level of knowledge as regards STI/HIV services. Health facility factors such as lack of skilled health workers (X²=6.566, p=0.041), lack of privacy at the health facility (X²=8.354, p=0.016), attitude of health workers (X²=9.255, p=0.015) and cost of STI/HIV services (X²=12.966, p=0.002) were found to have a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with the utilization STI/HIV services. The government and other development partners should conduct sensitization among MSM so as to create awareness through mass media on STI/HIV services for MSM. Health workers should provide information to MSM about STI/HIV such as how they can contract the diseases and prevention strategies.
Factors Influencing Parent-Adolescent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues:
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Ayebale, Andrew
Background: Parent-adolescent communication regarding sexual and reproductive health issues has been pointed out as one of the strategies of reducing adolescent risk taking sexual behaviors. However, this communication takes place on particular issues not others as parents often remain silent on sensitive sexuality issues like sexual involvement, contraceptive use, body changes and STI's. This study was conducted to establish the factors influencing parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. Objective: The main study objective was to determine the factors influencing parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Kawempe division, Kampala Uganda. Methodology: The study followed quantitative and qualitative research methods using a cross-sectional study design. The target population comprised of parent/guardians within Kawempe Division Kampala. Probabilistic sampling methods like simple random sampling and cluster sampling methods were used to identify the study participants. Researcher administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data and qualitative data was obtained by conducting FGD. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 Microsoft excel and qualitative data from the FGD was analyzed manually. Results: Findings from the study revealed that 58% of the parents who participated in this study communicate with their adolescent children on sexual and reproductive health issues and 42% of them do not. Most of the parents who communicate SRH issues with their adolescent children do it on individual basis through conducting one on one counseling of children. When communication takes place it is on topics which are not very sensitive, and tends to be perfunctory and the study identified the following barriers to communication: During the bivariate analysis on the socio culture factors influencing parent-adolescent communication on SRH, gender (p value= 0.001), marital status (p value= 0.003), and education background (p value=0.001) had significant influence on parent-adolescent communication on SRH. Other factors like age (p value = 0223), religion (p value =0.182) and employment status (p value=0.010) did not have a significant influence on the dependent variable. Parents have perceptions towards communicating issues regarding sexual and reproductive health with their children and these perceptions have been attributed to hinder them from carrying out the sexual health education. Conclusion and Recommendation: Gender/sex differences between parents and their children, marital status and education background of parents/guardians have been highlighted to influence parent-adolescent communication on SRH. Majority of parents do communicate to their adolescent children on SRH issues although there still exist negative perceptions towards carrying it out. However, the study recommends that parents should be sensitized on the importance of sex health educating adolescent children so as to reduce on the adolescent risk taking behaviors and the consequences.
Factors influencing the recommended breastfeeding practices among working mothers in Mbale Municipality.
(International Health Sciences University., 2016-11) Barungi, Stellah
Introduction: Optimal breastfeeding practices ensure adequate nutrients for growth, development, and protection of infant and young child. However, some mothers are unable to breastfeed their children as recommended due to their work. Objective of the Study: The study sought to describe the determinants of breastfeeding practices of working mothers with children 4-23 months in Mbale Municipality. Methodology: A cross-sectional design, utilizing a quantitative approach was used to sample 400 working mothers of children 4-23 months in Mbale Municipality. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. A Structured questionnaire was used. Variables were described using frequencies, charts and tables. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between breastfeeding practice and mother‘s demographic variables and workplace factors. The dataset was analyzed with Stata version 12. Results: The result indicates that, only 58.7% mothers initiated breastfeeding within one hour after birth, while 30.8% gave pre lacteal feeds to their infants. Colostrum was consumed by 85.8% infants. More than 89%, started complementary feeding earlier than the recommended age of 6 months. Eighty six percent introduced first water to their child between the ages of 4 to 6 months. More than 74% of mother‘s had their workload reduced after maternity leave. Nursery facilities were available at only 28.6% workplaces. Almost 95% do not have workplace breastfeeding policies. Duration of maternity leave is a key determinant of breastfeeding practice and was significantly associated with breastfeeding practice (P<0.001). Only 45.8% providers had received in-service trainings on breastfeeding after school. Majority of mothers 94.9% received counseling on breastfeeding. Only 17% of the mothers were visited at home by health workers. Finally, type of occupation of mothers (p=0.004) and the duration of maternity leave (P<0.001) were found to be key determinants that associated significantly with duration of exclusive breastfeeding practices of working mothers. Conclusion and Recommendations: Currently, workplace support and current maternity leave duration does not enable a working mother to practice optimal breastfeeding. Hence, it is therefore, recommended that all stakeholders play their roles in ensuring adequate workplace support for the breastfeeding working mothers.

Browse

Recent Submissions