Diploma Clinical Medicine and Community Health

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/66

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 131

Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Mothers on Compulsory Routine Counseling and Testing at Kisugu Health Center Makindye Division - Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Muyige, Ismail.
The study was based on the topic “Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of pregnant mothers on Compulsory Routine Counseling and Testing at Kisugu Health Centre Makindye Division”. It aimed at assessing the pregnant women’s knowledge on RCT in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) service, to examine pregnant women’s attitude towards antiretroviral drugs in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and to identify the factors that affect the uptake and acceptability of RCT in PMTCT services. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research designs where both questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from the field. All data was grouped and analyzed in a statistical way where by data was presented in tables showing frequencies and percentages. The following results were obtaining basing on the study finding; It was found out that there high levels of awareness of pregnant mothers regarding RCT services, also pregnant women seem to have a detailed information on the HIV/AIDS pandemic and RCT issues; among the factors that influence attitudes and perceptions towards RCT of HIV, stigma and discrimination jointly have greater impact, fear of prejudice can cause some women to refuse HIV RCT and testing; it is very difficult for an HIV infected mothers to adhere to infant feeding guidelines without disclosing her HIV status to her partner, the most effective interventions to reduce PMTCT depends upon knowing status and that depends upon the availability of information, counseling and RCT services. Among the cited recommendations were; there is need to increase on human resource to handle RCT program in hospitals, there is need to create partnership between Ministry of health and other NGOs, the Ministry should scale up RCT services to Health Center IVs so that pregnant women do not have to move long distances and the government should implement on RCT so that partner and other family members can access the HIV prevention, care and support services.
Prevalence of HIV and Use of ARV Drugs Among Pregnant Mothers Attending the ANC Clinic in Mbarara Regional Referral Hopital.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Mugisha, Kenneth Rubanga.
This study was done in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Mbarara district. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infections among the pregnant women who get their antenatal services from the ANC clinic in that hospital, and determine the use of ARV drugs by the HIV-infected pregnant women. The study population were the pregnant mothers who had their antenatal services in the hospital during the period of January 2013 and January 2014, most especially those that were found to be HIV-positive during that period. The study was a retrospective study which employed one method of collecting data, which was review of the hospital records in the MCH clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Analysis of data was both qualitative and quantitative, as well as univariate and bivariate. The records of the hospital were studied, sorted and analyzed accordingly. Prevalence of HIV among the 1593 mothers was 13.8% (220 mothers).Factors that contributed to this prevalence rate are; age (higher in 16 – 27 years; 34%, and lower in 28 – 39 years; 14%), education (highest in primary level; 34%), religion (highest in Muslim women; 48%), marital status (lowest in married women; 9%), parity (20% in women with 7 – 9 children), occupation (lowest in professional workers; 4%) and monthly income (lowest in women with an income >200,000; 5%). Among the 220 mothers who were HIV-positive, the level of use of the ARV drugs was 79% (173 women). The study findings suggested a relatively high prevalence rate among the pregnant mothers (13.8%) and recommendations from the findings are; increasing awareness through sex education to the young people, periodic assessment of patients’ welfare by the concerned organs or clinics, ensure increased enrollment of children into schools, and thorough and goal-oriented counselling sessions for all newly diagnosed HIV patients.
Assessment of Oral Health Status and Practices among Children Aged 5 to 16 Years in Kakajo Zone Two, Bukesa Parish, Kampala District.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Afayo, Samuel.
Introduction: Kakajjo zone two is a slum community found in Bukesa parish Kampala central division. It highly congested with a population predominantly composed of children and adolescents. The residents in this community are likely to be of low Social economic status. The local area does not have any dental clinics, however, dental conditions exist with in the community and this is seen by the cases reported to be received by the Drug shops and other clinics in the community, yet many other similar conditions remain concealed in the community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status and practices of children aged 5-16 years in kakajjo zone two, Bukesa Parish Kampala Central Division. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 173 respondents for which 91 were females and 82 were males. These were randomly selected from kakajjo zone two. Data on oral health state and practices was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Results: Of all the children, 97.1% of them ate sugary snacks. All the children ate between meals. Potatoes as well as starchy snacks were eaten most between meals. More than a third (94.6%) of the children brushed their teeth. 66.5% brushed regularly, 79.2% did not brush before bed time, and 81% did not brush after eating sugary snacks. Of all the children, 83.8% of the children had not visited a dentist in the past one year. 40% of the children had decayed teeth, 22.5% had missing teeth and none of the children (0%) had filled teeth as far as the DMF-T criteria is concerned. 24.9% of the children presented with caliculus. No other oral health condition was found. Conclusion: Majority of the children had a high dental caries experience due to high consumption of sugary snacks and not brushing thereafter, not brushing before bed time. This was followed by parental negligence as far as the oral health of their children is concerned, irregular brushing habits, and lack of routine dental checkup visits and the lack of an operational Dental Clinic in the local community. Recommendations: There should be massive and regular community mobilizations and sensitization on Oral health and practices so that parents are equipped with proper knowledge on oral health in order to be in position to protect the oral health of their children. Key words: Oral health status, Oral health practices, Kakajjo zone two.
Emergency Contraceptive Use among the Female Youth Attending Katabi Health Center III, Entebbe Municipality, Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Yoti, Christabel Malaika.
Background : Emergency contraceptives are a method of family planning that are taken after having unprotected sexual intercourse in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies. There is a high prevalence of teenage pregnancies in Entebbe municipality and there have not been any studies done to assess the low utilization of emergency contraceptives and how many actually use them. Methods: A well detailed and structured questionnaire was designed for this study and therefore that is how data was collected. There were 33 questions which were consistent which made the data easy to analyze after collection. Results: Emergency contraceptives use among the female youth was found to be low with only 43% of the 280 using them, the number of unwanted pregnancies was high with 71.1% of the respondents having ever been pregnant and bearing children, the number of sexually active youth was high with 87.5% of the 280 respondents being sexually active and the knowledge about emergency contraceptives was found to be relatively low with only 60.7% of the 280 respondents having knowledge about emergency contraceptives. Conclusion: Not very many of these sexually active youth know about emergency contraceptives and the role they play in curbing the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies. Therefore a number of recommendations were listed in order to solve this problem. For example involvement of parents and guardians in sexual education, involvement of fellow youth to reach out to their peers just to mention a few.
Factors Influencing Utilization of Postnatal Care Services at Kawolo General Hospital, Buikwe District, Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Mwesigwa, Desire.
The study was carried out in Kawolo general hospital (KGH), a government hospital in central Uganda with a major objective of investigating the utilization o postpartum/postnatal care services. The survey was completed by 160 women. Mother's knowledge about postnatal services, socio-economic status and hindrance to utilization of the postnatal were sought. The participants included all women who delivered at KGH and those at the PNC clinic in October 2014. Convenient sampling method was used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were also employed in the process of analyzing data. Low utilization of PNC services at KGH was observed where 38.8% (62) of postpartum women attended. Those who knew about these services only knew about immunization and family planning services. The majority of the mothers did not know about other services, such as screening for infections and cervical cancer, counseling, child growth monitoring and physical examination. Lack of money for transport, distance from the health care facility for a few respondents, not being aware of the services, not being advised to attend the clinic, those who felt well and not seeing any need to attend PNC clinic were some of the main barriers to utilization of postnatal services. Others included lack of education, lack of employment and lack of decision making powers for those who had to seek for permission before attending the clinic among others. The study revealed that quality of postnatal care services and attendance of the postnatal visits was low. Improvements should be focused on involving clients in decision making, providing postnatal services as a package which solves problems of omitting important aspects such as physical examination, Pap smear and urine testing. There is also need to improve the number and availability of health care providers in the labor ward and postnatal clinics to reduce time of wait before getting to be served or seen by a health service provider. The ministry of health and other organizations involved in health care provision should educate women and communities about the importance of postnatal care, it's availability, and the importance of women having decision making power over their own health in addition to improving the quality of care by ensuring that services are provided at convenient hours with privacy, confidentiality and respect. Evaluating services periodically to suit individual needs of women to maintain the quality of services offered during the PNC visit.
Self Medication Among Health Workers and Socio-demographic Factors Associated With it :
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Naccwa, Peninah Golooba.
The study was designed to investigate self-medication among health workers in Kisugu Health Centre III and socio-demographic factors associated with it. The three specific study objectives explored were: to determine the socio-demographic factors of health workers in kisugu Health Center III Makindye division associated to self medication, to determine the types of drugs which are frequently used for self medication by health workers, to identify which illnesses call for self-medication among health workers in kisugu Health Center III Makindye division Kampala. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kisugu Health Centre III. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection, a random sample of 65 health workers was adopted for the study, and all of them were considered representing 65 questionnaires. The subjects used in the study were 48 nurses, 3 medical officers, 3 clinical officers, 5 laboratory technicians, 2 dental officers, 3 health information assistants, and 1 dispenser. The findings in the study indicated a high rate of self-medication among health workers in Kisugu Health Centre III. Familiarity with treatment was the major factor responsible for self-medication among health workers in Kisugu Health Centre III. The study also found that, the higher the practicing years or experience of the health workers, the higher the tendency of self-medication. Cough 66.7% followed by headache where the common illnesses which called for self-medication. The study also found out that the drugs which where commonly abused were analgesics, antibiotics, and antimalarials. The problem of self-medication among health workers has consequences such as; drug resistance, incorrect self diagnosis, delay in seeking medical advice, adverse drug reactions, dangerous drug interactions, incorrect dosage, incorrect choice of therapy, masking of severe diseases, drug dependence and abuse. It is recommended that a functional policy should be initiated in that just like other patients, health workers should be entered into the patients’ book before being given any medication, and also the Uganda MOH in line with NDA should put clear laws about OTC drugs, in that no selling them to anyone without a physician’s prescription from a recognised health centre health workers. The government should also put more emphasis on the continuous medical education within health centres to keep health workers updated about the dangers of self-medication with a variety of different drugs.
Mothers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards the Management of Febrile Seizures in Children Below 5 Years in Kabubbu Parish, Nangabo Sub-County, Wakiso District.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Bengo, Samuel.
Introduction: Febrile seizures is one of the most causes of death in children below five years, but if managed well at home there is a good prognosis. Maternal attitudes influence a mothers decision to take action or remain docile. Like mindset challenges attitude play a major role in influencing maternal practice and health seeking behavior . The study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practices towards the management of febrile seizures in Kabubbu Parish,Nangabo Subcounty,Wakiso District. Method: The study was a descriptive study where 107 mothers with children under five years were selected. Data was collected using questionnaires that included the social,demographic,practice,knowledge and attitude. Results: Out 107 respondents,28.7% had knowledge about the definition of febrile seizures,50.4% believe that febrile seizures are not curses.65.4% of mothers agreed that that they can take their children to the hospital if they had a febrile seizures. Conclusion: Knowledge about febrile seizures among mothers is significant in practice used in the management of febrile seizures. On the other hand knowledge also leads to positive attitude towards the management of febrile seizures, though most women had the knowledge about the febrile seizures but most did not put this knowledge into practice. Recommendations: There is great need of public health education awareness about febrile seizures. There is also need to involve fathers for proper management of febrile seizures.
Prevalence and Factors Influencing Self Medication among Adults of Luzira Parish, Nakawa Division Kampala, Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Nyeko, Ceasar.
Self medication is the use of drugs to treat self diagnosed disorders or symptoms or the intermittent or continued use of prescribe drugs fro chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms (WHO, 2002). Self medication is practiced widely for various reasons such as to promote health, to prevent symptoms or treat illness. It is estimated globally that more than 50% of drugs world wide are purchased without a prescription from pharmacies or street vendors in the informal sector (WHO, 2010). The reason for self medication are attributed to over the counter sales of drugs, high costs of medication consultations, dissatisfied with medical practitioners, inadequate regulation of distribution of drugs, sale of prescribed drugs among other reasons. Self medication is a useful tool to treat minor ailments but improper self medication practice or medication abuse may lead to serious adverse drug reactions and possibly fatal consequences. In Uganda there is no clear data showing the prevalence of self medication but there is suspicion that self medication is high. Reason for this assumption is that drugs can be bought from pharmacies and drug shops without prescriptions. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors leading to self medication in Luzira, Nakawa division Kampala. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used involving 100 respondents from selected homes in Luzira, data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel. 70% of respondents reported practices self medication within the past three months of the study. The commonest conditions that were self medicated were headache 39.5%, Cold/Flu 17.1% and fever 14.5%. The commonly used drugs for self medication were paracetamol 39.5%, cold cup 15.9% and Coartem and Amoxicillin each 7.9%. The major reason for practicing self medication was mildness of the symptoms and the drugs were mostly brought from pharmacies and retail shops. Drug regulatory and health authorities have to dedicate some resources used to raise awareness of the community of Luzira and the general public on the problems and consequences of self medication so that they can practice better self medication. Moreover, it might be helpful if the concepts and principles of self medication could be reflected in the formal curricula of health care disciplines in Uganda.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Individuals Aged Between 10 to 45 Years on Jigger Infestation in Namalu Sub-county Nakapiripirit District, Uganda
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Telo, Jonathan.
Introduction: Jigger flea, also known as sand flea, Chigoe or Tunga penetrans is an ecto-parasite which causes Tungiasis, a parasitic infection of both humans and animals such as pigs, goats, sheep, and cattle. “The jigger flea affects many poor and ignorant populations living in Sub-Saharan Africa especially rural communities of Nigeria, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, the Caribbean and South America, hence hundreds of millions of people are at risk of infection in more than 70 nations, mostly in developing countries” (Nyeri, 2009). The importance of Tunga infestation is localization in the foot causing itching, pain, discomfort and difficulty in walking in worst affected people, reducing the infected person’s ability to study, work normally in addition to segregation and social stigmatization. “In endemic areas, prevalence ranges from 15-40%”. The main objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of the people aged between 10-45 years old on jigger flea infestation in Namalu sub county, Nakapiripirit district. The objectives were: knowledge, attitudes and practices of community members (10-45) on jigger infestation in Namalu subcounty, Nakapiripirit district. Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey with a total number of 323 individuals were sampled and 138 were interviewed accordingly using pretested self-administered questionnaires. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection and analysis were used during the study. Data was obtained from a cross sectional study design used to determine population size to be interviewed. The tool used for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire. And data was organized and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results: The major findings of the study were; a significant number of community members had low levels of education 35% and this could have contributed to the increased rate of infection. Knowledge on jigger infestation is high 70%, but has not translated to jigger prevention and control in the area, Community members kept their domestic animals in their houses or compounds and attributed this to insecurity, a significant number of community members disposed their solid wastes to nearby garbage collection pits. The recommendations included: In order to deal away with jigger menace threatening the lives of the population in Namalu subcounty, Nakapiripirit district, collective approaches should be employed which involve multisectoral, multidisciplinary approaches against jigger flea infestation. Community outreach programs aimed at informing, health educating community members about jigger flea control and preventive measure have to be established. Community health workers should also be trained and well equipped on how to combat the infestation whenever the prevalence becomes severe.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Women on PMTCT Services at Kawolo Hospital Buikwe District.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Ssenyonjo, Robert.
Improved PMTCT uptake and knowledge on how to reduce the risk of MTCT was observed in Kawolo Hospital, where 57.5% of pregnant women were tested for HIV after counseling and 91.7% were willing to take up PMTCT drugs. The main study objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices of pregnant mothers on use of PMTCT services in Kawolo Hospital Buikwe District. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 120 pregnant mothers as sample size selected under systematic random sampling at the antenatal clinic Kawolo hospital. Exit interviews were conducted from September to October 2014. The study found out that, 95(79.17%) had heard about PMTCT and 25(20.83%) and majority came to know through friends (55.83), hospital (51.67%), radios and television (47.5%) and lastly news papers and seminars. majority of pregnant mothers had heard about PMTCT drugs72 (60%) and 48(40%) had not heard about PMTCT drugs where most of them mentioned Nevirapine syrup and ART. Most mothers 81(67.5%) mentioned that HIV positive mother should give birth and only 39(32.5%) did not agree with HIV positive mother giving birth. Majority of the pregnant mothers 72(60%) had done something to prevent MTCT where most of them stated by testing for HIV (50%), delivering in hospital (25%). These results suggest that supporting women through ANC, education and during pregnancy would be an important intervention for her health including PMTCT. It has also been shown that those mothers who always attended ANC were more knowledgeable about PMTCT than those who did not. Furthermore, the observation that there might be concerns regarding disclosure of one’s status in relation to fear and stigma therefore every partner has to be involved.
Adeherence to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy Prescription Guidelines and Health Worker Views Towards the Guidelines :
(2014-11) Mugerwa, Ibrahim.
Introduction: In 2012 the Uganda Ministry of Health and World Health Organization introduced new malaria treatment guidelines using Artemisinine –Based Combination Therapy, this was due to the increased resistance to first line antimalaria drugs. This study aimed at finding out adherence to the standard Artemisinine –Based Combination Therapy prescription guidelines and health workers views towards the guidelines among the patients diagnosed with malaria in Kisugu Health Center III a suburb of Makindye division of Kampala district Uganda. Therefore successful implementation of this policy depends on the adherence of health workers. Methods: Using the pharmacy registers, 356 prescriptions for ACTS were reviewed retrospectively and data for the months of August and September 2014 was correlated with the laboratory records for the patients. This also followed key informant interview of three health workers those were two Clinical Officers and one Laboratory Technician on their views about the current malaria treatment policy at Kisugu Health Center III, an urban setting in Makindye Division, Kampala district of Uganda. Results: The highest proportion of patients who got ACTs never went to the laboratory (n=302, 84.8%), those who had a negative blood slide and got ACTs were (n=40, 11.2%), those who had positive blood slide and got ACTs were (n=14, 3.9%). Another significance was noted that most of the patients who got ACTs were children between 0-9years (n=288, 80.9%), adolescents between 10-19 years (n=8, 2.2%) and adults above 20 years were 60 with a percentage of 16.9%. Health workers also admitted to practice presumptive prescription of ACTs in patients with clinical presentation of malaria symptoms especially children due to malaria being endemic in the area. The laboratory technician also mentioned power shortages that interfere with the routine microscopy work yet RDTs are unavailable. Conclusion: It was noted that health workers of Kisugu Health Center III an urban setting, have not adapted to the reliance on laboratory positive results before making ACT prescriptions, therefore they are prescribing ACTs without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia as most patients do not go for the laboratory tests. Recommendations: Adequate training of health workers and provision of current relevant information on malaria treatment policy is essential to promote effective uptake of the policy. More research is necessary in clinical and socio-economic areas to find out why more of children receive ACTs without parasitological testing, this should also be coupled with an assessment of health facility factors towards non adherence to standard prescription guidelines, both are essential.
Prevalence of Alcohol Use and it's Effect on People Living with HIV Care Programs:
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Kemigisha, Ruth Mary.
The World Health Organization estimates that there are about 2 billion people world wide who consume alcoholic beverages and 76.3 million with diagnosable alcoholic disorder (WHO,2001). Alcohol causes 1.9 million death worldwide which is 58.3 million that is 4% of total disability adjusted life year (DALLYS),(WHO,2001) Alcohol can change someones judgment, emotions, perception, movement reactions, vision and hearing. However if alcohol is consumed in small amounts it can support an individual, feel relaxed and less anxious,(National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse(N.I.A.A),2010) Results: The study had more women attending clinic than men. The patients sex and those with formation on adverse effects of alcohol consumption. Adherence seems to decrease with alcohol severity patients proffered drinking malwa than any other alcohol drinkers. More than a half of the patients who drank alcohol were classified as high drinkers and alcohol seem to have an effect on ART adherence. Alcohol was found to have influence on sexual behavior. The ministry of health in Uganda has no clear policy and guidelines for alcohol use,yet drinking of alcohol may be a major threat to health.(Nachega et al,2014;Samet et al.2007),especially to people living with HIV and this could be influencing alcohol prevalence in this group (Greenfield et al,2006 Karibu et al,2010;Reid et al.2003). The gender disparity is because women may be having better health seeking behavior than men in terms of HIV in Touch Namuwongo. Conclusion and recommendations: The study results indicates that alcohol use prevalence among PLH was higher at 50% than that of general population. There was evidence that men consume more alcohol than women in this population and that lack of information on the side effects of alcohol was associated with alcohol consumption. There was an association between sharing and drug regimen change with alcohol use among PLH. The study results associated alcohol severity among patients whose ARV drug regimen had been changed. Pregnancy among women PLH was associated with alcohol use.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Adults (18 - 60 Years) Towards the Maintenance of Spring Water Sources in Nsangi Sub-county, Wakiso District Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Nkuggwa, Sadam.
This study investigated on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Adults (18-60 Years) Towards the Maintenance of Spring Water Sources in Nsangi Sub county, Wakiso District Uganda. It was guided by the following research objectives: to determine the community level of knowledge on maintenance of water sources, assess the community attitude towards the maintenance of water sources; and to determine the community practices towards maintenance of water sources. This study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design and data was collected using both open and closed ended questionnaires from 380 respondents. Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and presented using pie charts and frequency and percentage tables. The study established a high level of knowledge among community members on the maintenance of water sources. Their attitude and practices in the maintenance of their water sources was also found to be very impressive. The study concluded that the people of Nsangi Sub County use their high level of knowledge to maintain their water sources and they have impressive attitude towards the cleanliness of their water sources. The study recommended that for better results, community sensitization and mobilization strategies should be put in place to ensure that majority of community members participate in the maintenance of their water sources. This will ensure that every member takes personal responsibility to ensure that the water he/she uses is safe and clean
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Control of Blood Sugar Levels Among Diabetic Clients Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Mubende Regional Referral Hospital.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Nalubega, Assumpta.
The report presents the cross sectional study that was done in Mubende district specifically Mubende Regional Referral Hospital from 20th to 30 October 2014 about the knowledge, attitude and practice on control of blood sugar levels among DM patients. There is an ever increasing increasing number of DM patients being admitted to hospital which may be due to lack of awareness of community members on control of blood sugar levels. The broad objective is to study the knowledge, attitude and practices on the control of blood sugar levels among diabetic clients attending the diabetic clinic in Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. The specific objectives were; 1. To assess the knowledge on the control of blood sugar levels among diabetes clients attending the diabetic clinic in Mubende regional referral hospital. 2. 2. To find out the practice employed by patients to control blood sugar levels among diabetic clients attending the diabetic clinic in Mubende regional referral hospital. 3. 3. To assess the attitude towards control of blood sugar levels among diabetes clients attending the diabetic clinic in Mubende regional referral hospital. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire that was designed and it sought information on control of blood sugar levels among clients attending DM clinic in Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Systematic sampling was used to select 100 respondents after which selected respondents were given consent forms before they could be interviewed. The interviews lasted for 10 days. The data was then transferred to tally sheets, frequency tables and graphs. A total of 100 respondents at the DM clinic were interviewed . 59 (59%) were females, and 97(97%) had ever heard about a few ways of controlling their blood sugar levels. 77.4% had no idea of about controlling their blood sugar levels. According to the out come if , the research the greatest number of people did not know the necessary information for them to have a positive attitude to develop appropriate practices to control the blood sugar levels. I recommend that all the concerned party in the district should avail all necessary information to all to keep their blood sugar levels through media, posters, health education for people to be aware and keep their blood sugar levels at the right level. The government should also avail testing kits among all the DM patients and village health teams.
Factors Influencing the Use of Intrauterine Devices Among Women of Child Bearing Age Attending Family Planning Clinic at Mulago Hospital.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Kikye, Vivian.
This report presents a descriptive study that was carried out in Kampala District at the Family Planning clinic at Mulago Hospital aimed towards finding out the Factors influencing the use of Intra Uterine Devices among women of child bearing age attending Family Planning Clinic at Mulago Hospital. The general objective was to establish the factors that influence the use of Intra Uterine Devices among women of child bearing age attending Family Planning Clinic at Mulago Hospital and the specific objectives were to establish the socio economic, hospital-related and cultural factors influencing the use of Intra Uterine Devices among women of child bearing age attending Family Planning clinic at Mulago Hospital. With a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design approach, data was collected using structured and pretested questionnaires that were handed out to a total of 133 respondents selected by Random sampling after giving their consent. Data collected was analysed using table tallying and the results presented using frequency tables, pie charts and graphs. The results showed that majority of the clients attending the Family Planning Clinic are married Christian youths who have attained some education and the most popular and highly used contraceptive method is the Implant followed by the IUDs. Among the socio economic factors looked at, the lack of male involvement in Family Planning activities hindered the use of IUDs. Health workers encouragement to use IUDs played a major role in its uptake and this was the main hospital related factor leading to low use of IUDs. However the cultural factors explored showed no hindrance to use of IUDs. The conclusion was based on the findings which showed that the use of IUDs at the Family Planning Clinic, Mulago Hospital was low given the fact that the Family Planning services are free and readily available to the clients. The recommendations to the staff of Family Planning Clinic, Mulago Hospital were to encourage the clients to use IUDs more since the Family Planning services are free, creating awareness of the benefits of using IUDs through advertising on radios, televisions and in newspapers. Furthermore, the staff was advised to encourage the women to involve their husbands and come with them for the Family Planning visits for example by serving couples first, giving them front row seats during learning sessions and many more. Lastly the health workers were advised to give detailed information about the IUDs that is; the mode of action, the insertion and removal procedure, side effects, contra indications, when to visit the health centre and the red flags to look out for.
Acceptability of IUD Use for Family Planning by Spouses of Men in an Urban Setting in Uganda :
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Tusiime, Behan.
Introduction: IUCD is one of the many FP methods used by women. Its includes advantages such as it having no side-effects on the body and once inserted one no longer is required to use other contraceptive methods. Though there is low uptake, IUCD is a very important component of FP because it is known to be very effective in that only two of every a hundred women using IUCD will become pregnant over five years of use and thus the study was conducted to determine if men's acceptability, knowledge and attitude towards IUCD use by their spouses affects its low utilization and if so, devise means of increasing its uptake by their spouses. Main objective: The main objective of the study is to determine acceptability by men on the use of an IUD for family planning by their spouses in Luzira Parish Kampala. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used and it involved data collection from a sampled population of 142 men of reproductive age group (18 to 50 years) which was collected at a defined time. It encompassed the use of survey techniques particularly the use of standardized pre-coded interview administered questionnaires to gather data. Results: Out of 142 men interviewed, the majority (64.78%) were between the ages of 18 to 27 years. Majority of them (48.59%) were currently married/cohabiting and most (42.25%) had at least studied ordinary level. 90.84% of men reported to have ever heard of FP methods and only 19.0% of them knew IUD. 66.9% have spouses that have ever used FP but only 6.33% used IUD. 90.84% reported their spouses to be currently using FP but only 3.52% are using IUD. 76.06% said they would not allow their spouses to use IUD and 53.52% had various reasons as to why they would not, majorly religion, cultural beliefs among others. Conclusion: Despite the fact that 90% of the respondents have ever heard of family planning methods, only 19% knew about IUD, 6% reported their spouses having ever used IUD and only 3% of the respondents had spouses currently using Intrauterine Devices. 76% of men said they would not allow their spouses to use IUD due to various reasons some of which included 28% saying IUD caused side effects, their various religions and cultures not accepting its use and other reasons such as it damages the uterus, causes cancer, not commonly used, expensive especially in the private sector and many more reasons as sited in chapter 4 section 4.9. Therefore IUD acceptability by men to be used by their spouses is very low in Luzira a suburb of Kampala.
Factors Influencing the Practices of Female Genital Mutilation in Chesosurwo Village, Kono Parish, Binyinyi Sub-county, Kween District - Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Kiprotwo, Maxwell.
Introduction: Female genital mutilation is defined by the WHO as all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia (that is; labia majora, labia minora and the clitoris) or other injury inflicted to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons (WHO, 2013).Female Genital Mutilation is a traumatic experience (UNICEF, 2005) which is associated with both immediate and long term complications such as severe pain, shock, bleeding, infections, inability to pass urine, genital wounds while long-term effects may include frequent urinary tract infections; cysts; infertility; an increased risks of obstructed labour, newborn deaths, obstetric fistula, the need for cesarean section and other surgeries. Main objective: To determine the factors influencing the practices of Female Genital Mutilation in Chesosurwo village, Kono Parish ,Binyiny Sub County, Kween District? Methodology: A cross sectional non‐interventionist exploratory study design was used in this study and it involved both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. And The target population were all females 18years and above living in Chesosurwo village, Kono Parish, Binyiny Sub County, Kween District Results: Of the 140 respondents 66.4% of the respondents were circumcised which indicates a high prevalence of FGM in this community.This study also found several factors associated with the practice of FGM with high prevalence rates among the age groups of 31 – 40 (X2 [exact value] = 89.425; p.Value = 0.00), Married/cohabiting (X2 = 1.639), and 7.1% supported the practice of FGM. Recommendations and conclusion: Intervention must be centered on community needs, strengths, and recommendations. Project ownership must be transferred to the community. Individuals from the communities should be employed as trainers and agents of change. Socio-cultural values and settings should be respected when implementing activities. The level of knowledge on FGM was 100% due the presence of organisations and government agencies sensitizing the community about the dangers of the practice. There were also some people who still want the practice to continue and said they would circumcise their next daughter.
Factors Influencing Mothers on Early Weaning of Babies in Makindye Division, Kampala City Council Authority, Uganda :
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Aline, Kavira Mustari.
The study was carried out in Kisugu Health Centre III, Makindye division in Kampala with an objective to assess factors influencing mothers on early weaning of babies. The study set some objectives so as to achieve the purpose of the research. The objectives included: to determine the factors influencing mothers on early weaning of babies, to identify the attitude toward early weaning of babies, to determine the level of education of mothers who practice early weaning of babies, to identify the relationship between maternal age and the feeding practice of infants. A descriptive cross- sectional study was used to collect data through qualitative and quantitative approach. A sample size of 130 mothers was determined using Kish and Leslie formula. Close ended and open ended questionnaires were used to collect data from the field. The study found out that 61.5% of mothers who were employed weaned at less than 6 months and only a few who were employed practiced exclusive breastfeeding for six months. The study also revealed that 42.6% of the mothers who were single weaned their babies before six months. The study also found out that majority of the mothers who were HIV positive practiced early weaning due to fear of transmitting the infection to their babies. The study concluded that much as the prevalence of mothers who practice exclusive breastfeeding is high, most mothers of Kisugu Health Center III reported that the encouraging factors to early weaning are; breast milk insufficiency, their health condition, insufficient Knowledge on the weaning process and poverty. The study recommends that mothers should be given information on exclusive breastfeeding for six months without any supplements being given to the baby and its benefit to both the mother and the child during antenatal, postnatal care and when mothers bring their babies for immunization. This can encourage them to wean their babies at an appropriate age.
The Healthcare Seeking Time of Caregivers/Parents of Under Five Children with Fever in Kisugu Health center III, Namuwongo-Kampala.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Damba, Ruth .K.
BACKGROUND: In Uganda fever symptoms are mostly related to malaria infection while other causes considered minor in health centers leading to the misuse of antimalaria medications that brings about drug resistance.(home-based management of fever strategy using chloroquine and sulphadoxine -pyremethamine SP in 2004 WHO reported widespread resistance.) Caregivers of children under five years health care seeking time therefore matters to promote early diagnosis and management of the cause of fever. MAIN OBJECTIVE: The study aims at identifying the duration spent among children under five years with a fever before coming for medical care and the factors influencing the health care seeking time as well as the number of children under five who present with a fever to the health centre. This will help find possible solutions hence decreasing the child mortality rates for the under fives. METHOD: The data collection was done using questionnaires to those mothers who can read and write then interview questionnaires for those who cannot read and write. These questionnaires was used in the outpatient department (OPD) to any mother having a child under five years with a fever and willing to participate in the research. All ethical issues and patient rights will be observed during the research. RESULTS: The study shows that out of 282 caregivers of children under five years, 156(55.3%) could tell a child had a fever by touching the child‟s forehead for increased temperature than usual while 53(18.8%), majority of the caregivers 126(44.7%) were mothers to the child 130(46.1%) and126(44.7%) reported to have spent about 13-24 hours before going to the health center and 62.41% caregivers practiced self medication before reporting to Kisugu health center III. CONCLUSION: Majority of the caregivers of children under five with a fever seek health care within 13- 24hours and many stated the reason to be that the fever started late evening and night therefore could not access medical help in Kisugu health center iii OPD(Out Patient Department.
Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Yei Payam River County South Sudan.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Mario, Ring.
Malaria remains a major endemic disease within the tropical regions of Africa such as Yei Payam county of South Sudan with high morbidity and mortality rates. Higher morbidity and mortality rates have been reported among children under the age of five years and the effects of malaria among pregnant women have been known to be devastating ultimately resulting into pregnancy related complications such as miscarriages, still births, anemia and maternal mortality. Pregnant women are very vulnerable to the effects of malaria because of the reduced immunity and general weakness of the body due to the growing fetus in the woman’s womb. Hence, the occurrence of malaria in the due course of the pregnancy; if urgent interventions are not taken, can lead to fatal consequences for both feotus and mother (Kayentao, 2013). A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 384 pregnant women from Yei Payam county of South Sudan. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the factors contributing the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women. Using systematic sampling the women were selected from among their households and involved in the study. The prevalence of malaria among the pregnant women was found to be high at 42% among the study population. Socioeconomic factors such as age of the woman, level of education, religion and average monthly income were found to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women. Environmental factors such as destroying the breeding places for mosquitoes, use of ITNs, use of mosquito repellents and clearing bushes were associated with the prevention of malaria. Therefore, all stakeholders such as the government, Ministry of Health, Development partners and Non-Government Organizations should focus on public sensitization on the primary prevention of malaria rather than treatment

Browse

Browsing Diploma Clinical Medicine and Community Health by Issue Date