Diploma Clinical Medicine and Community Health

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Acceptability of IUD Use for Family Planning by Spouses of Men in an Urban Setting in Uganda :
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Tusiime, Behan.
Introduction: IUCD is one of the many FP methods used by women. Its includes advantages such as it having no side-effects on the body and once inserted one no longer is required to use other contraceptive methods. Though there is low uptake, IUCD is a very important component of FP because it is known to be very effective in that only two of every a hundred women using IUCD will become pregnant over five years of use and thus the study was conducted to determine if men's acceptability, knowledge and attitude towards IUCD use by their spouses affects its low utilization and if so, devise means of increasing its uptake by their spouses. Main objective: The main objective of the study is to determine acceptability by men on the use of an IUD for family planning by their spouses in Luzira Parish Kampala. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was used and it involved data collection from a sampled population of 142 men of reproductive age group (18 to 50 years) which was collected at a defined time. It encompassed the use of survey techniques particularly the use of standardized pre-coded interview administered questionnaires to gather data. Results: Out of 142 men interviewed, the majority (64.78%) were between the ages of 18 to 27 years. Majority of them (48.59%) were currently married/cohabiting and most (42.25%) had at least studied ordinary level. 90.84% of men reported to have ever heard of FP methods and only 19.0% of them knew IUD. 66.9% have spouses that have ever used FP but only 6.33% used IUD. 90.84% reported their spouses to be currently using FP but only 3.52% are using IUD. 76.06% said they would not allow their spouses to use IUD and 53.52% had various reasons as to why they would not, majorly religion, cultural beliefs among others. Conclusion: Despite the fact that 90% of the respondents have ever heard of family planning methods, only 19% knew about IUD, 6% reported their spouses having ever used IUD and only 3% of the respondents had spouses currently using Intrauterine Devices. 76% of men said they would not allow their spouses to use IUD due to various reasons some of which included 28% saying IUD caused side effects, their various religions and cultures not accepting its use and other reasons such as it damages the uterus, causes cancer, not commonly used, expensive especially in the private sector and many more reasons as sited in chapter 4 section 4.9. Therefore IUD acceptability by men to be used by their spouses is very low in Luzira a suburb of Kampala.
Adeherence to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy Prescription Guidelines and Health Worker Views Towards the Guidelines :
(2014-11) Mugerwa, Ibrahim.
Introduction: In 2012 the Uganda Ministry of Health and World Health Organization introduced new malaria treatment guidelines using Artemisinine –Based Combination Therapy, this was due to the increased resistance to first line antimalaria drugs. This study aimed at finding out adherence to the standard Artemisinine –Based Combination Therapy prescription guidelines and health workers views towards the guidelines among the patients diagnosed with malaria in Kisugu Health Center III a suburb of Makindye division of Kampala district Uganda. Therefore successful implementation of this policy depends on the adherence of health workers. Methods: Using the pharmacy registers, 356 prescriptions for ACTS were reviewed retrospectively and data for the months of August and September 2014 was correlated with the laboratory records for the patients. This also followed key informant interview of three health workers those were two Clinical Officers and one Laboratory Technician on their views about the current malaria treatment policy at Kisugu Health Center III, an urban setting in Makindye Division, Kampala district of Uganda. Results: The highest proportion of patients who got ACTs never went to the laboratory (n=302, 84.8%), those who had a negative blood slide and got ACTs were (n=40, 11.2%), those who had positive blood slide and got ACTs were (n=14, 3.9%). Another significance was noted that most of the patients who got ACTs were children between 0-9years (n=288, 80.9%), adolescents between 10-19 years (n=8, 2.2%) and adults above 20 years were 60 with a percentage of 16.9%. Health workers also admitted to practice presumptive prescription of ACTs in patients with clinical presentation of malaria symptoms especially children due to malaria being endemic in the area. The laboratory technician also mentioned power shortages that interfere with the routine microscopy work yet RDTs are unavailable. Conclusion: It was noted that health workers of Kisugu Health Center III an urban setting, have not adapted to the reliance on laboratory positive results before making ACT prescriptions, therefore they are prescribing ACTs without laboratory confirmation of parasitemia as most patients do not go for the laboratory tests. Recommendations: Adequate training of health workers and provision of current relevant information on malaria treatment policy is essential to promote effective uptake of the policy. More research is necessary in clinical and socio-economic areas to find out why more of children receive ACTs without parasitological testing, this should also be coupled with an assessment of health facility factors towards non adherence to standard prescription guidelines, both are essential.
Assessing Community Participation in Solid Waste Management in Kisasa Zone, Kibuli, Makindye East Division; Kampala-Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Kyomuhendo, Mariam.
Back ground; Community participation in solid waste management is one of the challenges facing many urban areas worldwide as it is also seen in Africa ( Mugagga et al 2006). And as such, waste management is an issue which should be shared by every individual, community, organization or country worldwide (World Bank, 2010). In Uganda, limited participation has budded from co-ordination and collaboration problems that exist among the three stakeholders in solid waste management- the communities, the public (government) and the private sectors (NEMA, 2007). The main objective of the study was to assess community participation in solid waste management in Kisasa zone in Kibuli, Kampala. Methodology; The study was descriptive cross sectional, both qualitative and quantitative methodologies of data collection were used. Simple random sampling technique was used and Primary data was through questionnaires while secondary data was obtained through sources like books on solid waste management. A total of 100 respondents were consulted after which data was analyzed by use of SPSS version 17. Results: According to the questionnaires, respondents answered with multiple responses. According to the results, most residents 56(56%) were singles with age bracket 21-25years and atleast 30(30%) had attained up to secondary level. due to limited sites of waste disposal, majority of community members had negative attitude about solid waste disposal as this was evidenced by respondents rating of poor/very poor. However majority of respondents participated in solid waste management though majority 45(45%) stored the waste in the compound and they said they did that due to the delays in garbage collection. Most of the respondents 66(66%) had knowledge on solid waste management in Kisasa as they could clearly define and tell the importance of solid waste management. However 52(52%) were not satisfied with the collection services of which 40% stated that waste takes long at the collection site. Conclusion: According to the findings, most people had knowledge on solid waste management though a big percentage of them used polythene bags for storing their waste, however most of the respondents were not satisfied with the collection services where by majority used children to transport waste to the collection site. Recommendations: Environmentalists and health workers should focus more on giving information to the community other than them getting information from friends and family members as some information may be wrong.
Assessing Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of Kanyogoga Residents Towards Municipal Waste disposal:
(International Health Sciences University., 2015-12) Kirunda, Marvin
Kampala is the only big city in Uganda and this attracts huge populations flocking the city for greener pastures. This comes with it huge burdens of municipal solid waste, Kampala like other big cities around the globe are not any different and while the challenges and solutions may differ, the problem is general. This report looks at the basics; knowledge, attitude and practices of households in Kanyogoga, a zone in Bukasa parish, Makindye division regarding solid waste management. The study sought to understand the connections between the objectives; knowledge, attitudes practices and municipal waste burden in the zone. To find out how much each objective influenced increased poor solid waste disposal in the zone. Emphasis was majorly put on household refuse with the study majorly using observation, questionnaire and checklist for the investigations. The research design was cross sectional with the study area being Kanyogoga zone and the study population as all residents staying in the zone, house hold heads were most preferred to answer using random sampling technique. The sample size was determined using Kish and Leslie formula and it was 72 respondents each representing a household. The study findings point out that though the levels of literacy were low in the zone, with more people having studied primary level than any other level, the people generally had knowledge on some aspects of solid waste management, they knew the consequences of poor refuse disposal, they knew one or two things about primary storage facilities though confessed they could not afford the more specific factory made ones. Attitudes were a very big problem with most of them having a very poor attitude towards waste disposal. But the major problems were found in practices of the households towards refuse disposal, most of them had primary storage facilities majorly comprising of old paper and metallic boxes, polythene bags, gunny bags and low density polythene bags, there were no reuse or recycling practices neither was there segregation. Most of the households blamed the problem to the inconsistency of the KCCA truck in collecting the garbage and the lack of garbage spots. The community itself sought solutions to its problems and the common ones were massive sensitization, provision of enough trucks and doing bulungi bwa nsi. The study recommended putting more emphasis on reuse and recycling practices to decrease on the waste being generated each day because there is so much the community can use the waste for like the organic waste may be used as manure or as a raw material in the manufacture of briquettes to supplement on the energy sources. There should be increased provision of information to households through their local leaders.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Breast Feeding Among Postnatal Mothers at Moroto Regional Referral Hospital.
(International Health Sciences University, 2015-12) Koriang, Hilder
This report presents a descriptive study that was carried out in Moroto district, Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Moroto regional referral hospital aimed at assessing knowledge, attitude and breast feeding practices among postnatal mothers. The general objective was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and determine breast feeding practices among postnatal mothers. With a quantitative, cross sectional descriptive design approach, data was collected using structured, pretested questionnaires that were handed out to a total of 200 respondents selected by random sampling after giving their consent. Data was analyzed using SPSS and results presented using bivariate tables. Despite the well-recognized exclusive breast feeding for first 6 months, and complimentary feeding for 24 months and beyond, to reduce infant mortality rate, adherence to this practice is not good in the developing countries. A majority of them were aged between 21-30 years of age than 15-20 years 108(54%), 62(31%) respectively. There were more Karamojongs, than Itesots, Acholis and other tribes 164(82%), 20(10%) and 16(8%) respectively. Results showed that although most of the respondents 178(89%) had a very a good knowledge regarding how long a woman should breast feed a child, only 138(69%) of them admitted they can exclusively breast feed for 6 months, 22(11%) of them didn’t know the importance of breast feeding while 26(13%) reported they cannot breast feed for 2 years. There was a positive attitude among respondents although some of them disagreed about breast feeding in public, reason being ‘witches will make the child ill’ and expressing milk due to cultural beliefs (12%, 97%) respectively. Conclusion was based on the finding which showed that, there’s good knowledge regarding breast feeding although, emphasis should be put on duration of breast feeding, the age in which solid foods should be introduced to infants. Negative attitude towards breast feeding in public and expressing breast milk should be addressed. Breast feeding helps children grow well and prevents infant and child morbidity mostly in children under 5 years of age. Recommendation to the staff of Moroto regional referral hospital was to continue giving detailed information to mothers about benefits of breast feeding to both the mother and the infant. Poverty should addressed in this rural areas as well.
Assessing The Factors Affecting Quality Of Health Care Provision At Ayivuni Health Centre Three Ayivuni Sub-County Arua District-Uganda
(CIU, 2018-12) Adriko, Benard
ABSTRACT Background \ Introduction The study was on assessing the factors affecting quality of health care provision at Ayivuni health center III Ayivuni sub-county Arua district from December 2017 to April 2018. It had identifying the factors affecting quality health care provision, determining the indicators of quality health care and how the quality of health care can be improved and maintained as the specific objectives. Methodology The study was descriptive, cross-sectional study in which both simple random sampling and non-probability sampling technique were employed. Qualitative and quantitative designs were used and questionnaire were used to collect data from 293 respondents who participated. Results The results of the study revealed that inadequacy of the basic health care inputs that is; human resource(98.6%), good communication between health workers and clients/patient (96.9%) financial resource (95.6%), physical infrastructures (94.2%) and equipment (95.6%) medicine and health supplies (100%), lack of motivation (100%) and gap in quality Assurance process affected health care provision (100%). Unemployment also indirectly influenced the quality of health service. Indicators of quality health care were found to be; patient satisfaction with care, patient’s education effectiveness, infection control, mortality and morbidity rate, effectiveness of care and timeliness. Basing on the findings, the study concluded that the quality of health service highly relied on available and adequacy of basic health care input that is; infrastructures, human resources medicine and health supplies and health financing. Lack of motivation, infrequent on job training also affected quality of health care on the other hand quality assurance process played a great role in improvement and maintenance of health care. The quality of health care in health center three was therefore still poor basing on above. From the study it is recommended that the MoH puts in place all the basic health care inputs, strengthens quality assurance processes in all health facilities, motivation of staff and provide continuous medical education to the health worker. Enough staffing should be undertaken so that staff can handle reasonable number of patients at a time and give quality heal
Assessing the Factors Influencing Teenage Pregnancy in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Otto, David.
Background: This study sought to find out the factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Gulu regional Referral Hospital. The general object was to find out the factors contributing to the teenage pregnancy in Gulu. This was to generate measures that can be used by the municipal council health team in cubing down the rate of teenage pregnancy and also to offer an in-depth assessment of the contributing factors leading to increased number of teenage pregnancy in Gulu district. Methods and materials: The researcher used data obtained by interviewing teenage girls who have brought their children for immunization services and also those who have come for antenatal services. Data was collected from 392 teenage girls who where between 13 and 19 years, and was finally analyzed using SPSS system. Results from the study indicated that majority of teenagers involved where below 18years, About 57% where found pregnant at the time of the study and most of them were secondary school drop outs (59.9%) as compared to 10.7% who were primary school dropouts. Majority were catholics constituting 34.9%. 10.7% were cohabiting while 64.6% were single and 67.9% have ever had sex before they were 19years. Majority of the respondents acknowledged that they have heard about contraceptives however they could not clearly explain what it is but know at least two different types of contraceptives. Factors such as age of the girl, religion, marital status, staying with both parents, girl child education and community perception on teenage pregnancy were found to have a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with teenage pregnancy. Such factors influence the prevalence of teenage pregnancies within the study area. In conclusion, sensitization of teenage girls on reproductive health, coupled with early initiation of sex education in schools and most importantly intrasectoral collaborations should be encouraged. This will tackle teenage pregnancy from the grass root if the millennium development goal of reducing maternal mortality rate is to be achieved and ending poverty by year 2015.
Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of Pregnant Mothers on Compulsory Routine Counseling and Testing at Kisugu Health Center Makindye Division - Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Muyige, Ismail.
The study was based on the topic “Assessing the Knowledge and Attitude of pregnant mothers on Compulsory Routine Counseling and Testing at Kisugu Health Centre Makindye Division”. It aimed at assessing the pregnant women’s knowledge on RCT in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) service, to examine pregnant women’s attitude towards antiretroviral drugs in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and to identify the factors that affect the uptake and acceptability of RCT in PMTCT services. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research designs where both questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data from the field. All data was grouped and analyzed in a statistical way where by data was presented in tables showing frequencies and percentages. The following results were obtaining basing on the study finding; It was found out that there high levels of awareness of pregnant mothers regarding RCT services, also pregnant women seem to have a detailed information on the HIV/AIDS pandemic and RCT issues; among the factors that influence attitudes and perceptions towards RCT of HIV, stigma and discrimination jointly have greater impact, fear of prejudice can cause some women to refuse HIV RCT and testing; it is very difficult for an HIV infected mothers to adhere to infant feeding guidelines without disclosing her HIV status to her partner, the most effective interventions to reduce PMTCT depends upon knowing status and that depends upon the availability of information, counseling and RCT services. Among the cited recommendations were; there is need to increase on human resource to handle RCT program in hospitals, there is need to create partnership between Ministry of health and other NGOs, the Ministry should scale up RCT services to Health Center IVs so that pregnant women do not have to move long distances and the government should implement on RCT so that partner and other family members can access the HIV prevention, care and support services.
Assessment of client satisfaction with health care service delivery at the outpatient department of Kisugu health centre III.
(International Health Sciences University., 2015-12) Mukisa, Ernest
This research is about patients satisfaction with the services received at the Out Patients Department of Kisugu Health Center III. The main objective was to assess the clients satisfaction with the health service delivery in the Out Patient Departmet of Kisugu Health Center III. While the specific objectives were: i. To assess patients satisfaction levels with clinical services at the OPD of Kisugu Health Cente III ii. To assess patients satisfaction levels with the laboratory services of Kisugu Health Center III iii. To assess patients satisfaction levels with the pharmacy services at the OPD of Kisugu Health Center III This study involved 200 respondents all of which where if good mental health, visited the opd at least more than once and had completed the whole routine of getting services at the health center of Kisugu. Conclusion: Conclusively the study shows that the majority of clients are not satisfied but the cause varies from person to person The most outstanding factors affecting the clients satisfaction included: long waiting time individual attention and proper explanation of the clients‟ condition, cutesy, and absence of hand washing soap with single use towels. Recommendations: The health center management should consider conducting sensitization sessions for all staff especially those involved with patient/client contact and care at the OPD. This will provide the necessary information needed to meet patients‟ holistic care needs which contribute to their level effectiveness and efficiency thus increasing client satisfaction with the whole OPD services in general. sensitization on sensitivity to clients feeling, culture, religion, intellect. For the problem of waiting time the most evident factors were absence of the health worker at the station in time. This can be solved by setting motivations for early reporting to work. The long queues can be solved by creating more clinical rooms and increasing on the work force which results in more clients attended to at ago thus shorter lines and less waiting. Provision of the hand washing soap and single use towels to promote hygiene and comfort.
Assessment of Determinants of Teenage Pregnancy :
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Munyirwa, Zephania.
Uganda is one of the countries with a big number of teenagers who have been found to engage in sexual activity at an early age leading to a high rate of teenage pregnancies, maternal morbidity, maternal mortality and other complications both medically and non-medically (UDHS, 2006, Neema et al., 2006). The study was based on four objectives which were: assessing individual determinants of teenage pregnancy, examining the socio-economic determinants of teenage pregnancy, identifying the cultural determinants of teenage pregnancy, and lastly establishing the health system determinants of teenage pregnancy in Nawanyago Sub-county. This was a cross-sectional study that explored the determinants of teenage pregnancy. Questionnaires and Key Informant interview guides were used to collect information. Data was collected from 138 expectant and nursing teenage mothers between 13-19 years of age who were residents of Nawanyago Sub-county for at least six months and consented to participate in the study. A purposive sampling procedure and a convenient sampling method were utilized. Microsoft Excel was used to tabulate all the findings for easy interpretation and completeness. Findings: revealed that Majority of the respondents 95 (68.8%) were in the age group of 18-19 years. Lower levels of education were associated with teenage pregnancy where majority of the respondents 80 (58%) had primary level education. Adolescents who were unemployed were more likely to become pregnant than those who have employment where the largest proportion of the respondents, 60 (43.5%) were unemployed. Majority of the girls, 89 (64.5%) reported that the circumstances of their pregnancy was due to influence from their boyfriends. Results suggest that Intensive sex education; parents, religious leaders, teachers, health workers, the media and law enforcement agencies if determined, can increase on the sensitization on teenage pregnancy and the related repercussions. Girl child education should be well facilitated to enable more girls to go to school. In conclusion, the study concludes that employment in an established organization (white collar job) is highly protective against teenage pregnancy while students are becoming increasingly prone to early pregnancy especially those in primary; this can be attributed to the way most parents do not bother about early marriage, failure to communicate to the teenagers about reproductive health and therefore the teenagers do not access reproductive health services due to fear. In addition, most of the teenagers only attain primary education which puts them at a high risk of teenage pregnancy
Assessment of Factors Contributing to Undernutrition in Children Less Than Five Years of Age Admitted to Kalagala Health center IV in Luweero District, Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Nannozi, Hanifah.
Despite the numerous interventions that have been put in place to combat malnutrition by several government and non government organizations, childhood Under nutrition is still a problem affecting most Ugandan children. Malnutrition is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children less than five years of age. This research focused on examining the factors contributing to Under nutrition in children under five years of age through identifying the socio-demographic information of the child and mother/caregiver, assessing the knowledge and practices of mothers/caregivers regarding infant and child feeding and care. The study was cross sectional conducted at Kabalagala health center IV involving 136 participants with children less than five years diagnosed with malnutrition that voluntarily accepted and signed a consent form. The respondents were selected using convenient sampling; the data was analyzed using descriptive. According to the findings of this study, the major factors that were associated with malnutrition included low education level of mother’s education as majority 62% were below primary level, together with the low economic status; most households (55.8%) never had a stable income. The poor response to nutritional intervention as most (36%) had a low vitamin A supplementation coverage, insufficient feeds for child’s age as seen in (66.7%) and poor hygiene (25%) observed during food preparation. Interventions to combat Under nutrition should be strengthened to empower health care providers and the community to prevent and manage malnutrition. Maternal and community education are some of the most important interventions therefore should be emphasized more to combat malnutrition. The ten steps of management of severe malnutrition should be implemented at all levels.
Assessment of Factors Inhibiting Routine Immunization of Children Between 12 - 23 Months in Buwenge Sub-county, Jinja District - Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Awulire, Gertrude.
Routine immunization rates have remained low for years as cited in the Jinja district database. Therefore the district is experiencing frequent epidemic out breaks of immunize-able diseases. Given this background, this study is aimed at finding out the factors hindering complete in Jinja district particularly Buwenge. Objectives of the study: To determine the current levels of immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Buwenge sub-county, to assess the knowledge and attitude of caretakers towards routine immunization and identify factors within the health system and community in general which hinder full and complete routine immunization; to also obtain strategies to improve routine immunization coverage. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Data collection was done using both qualitative and quantitative methods and these included: use of questionnaire, observation and documentation. Results: The current immunization status of children aged between 12-23 months is 68% of which 84% had immunization cards. Caretakers who used health centres for immunizing their children were 90% as only 10% used private clinics and outreach services. Most of the caretakers live within 5km from the health facility (90%). Almost all caretakers (99%) gave at one reason why immunization is important. Caretakers knowledge about immunization and immunize-able diseases was good, as most of the respondents (75%) knew more than three immunize-able disease and at least 25% mentioned more than 1 or 2 diseases. The attitude of most of the caretakers (67%) towards immunization was positive. Factors inhibiting completion of immunization were; shortages of vaccines, forgetfulness of caretakers, inadequate staffing in health centres, demoralized health workers due to delayed allowances, private health clinic workers have inadequate knowledge on immunization, unfounded rumours about the side effects if vaccines, lack of involvement of stakeholders and inadequate community mobilization were among the reasons for inhibiting routine immunization in Buwenge sub-county. Conclusion: The levels of complete immunization coverage are still below the target level of 90% of immunized children. However complete immunization coverage in Buwenge has improved and is relatively good. The factors hindering full coverage were: inadequate and irregular supply of vaccines, false rumour about vaccines and their side effects. Recommendation A number of recommendations were suggested toward improving levels and these included; training and equipping all health workers in immunization procedures(EPI) and communication skills, educating the community about the immunization process and strengthening community mobilization using a multi-sectoral approach. The district health team should also take responsibility of delivering vaccine and other necessities in health units on time and UNEPI should abide by its schedule as programmed and health workers should be paid their allowance on time and promptly.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention of ebola outbreak among International Health Sciences University students, Kampala Uganda.
(International Health Sciences University., 2015-12) Mutebe, Paul; Joshua
Ebola is a disease of humans and extra primates caused by Ebola viruses. In case of an outbreak, over thousands can be affected economically, socially, politically and different families. This study was carried out to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of International Health Sciences University (IHSU) students on prevention of Ebola outbreak. The study design was a descriptive cross sectional study, used to assess knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention of Ebola outbreak among IHSU students. The study measured knowledge, attitude and practices on prevention of Ebola outbreak among IHSU students among students by use of questionnaire. In this study, 300 students were interviewed. The results showed 70.0% students had heard about Ebola outbreak in Uganda, however others could not specify the exact year of the Ebola outbreak, 30.0% had not heard about Ebola outbreak. Majority of the participants 47.7% replied as a big risk, 36.3% replied as a small risk and finally 16.0% did not know what to reply in accordance with how the different respondents judged their risks towards developing EVD. In conclusion, the knowledge of students about Ebola Viral Disease at International Health Science University is still low. The study recommends that continuous sensitisation should be conducted to remind and reduce the level of ignorance health students have towards EVD. Address misconceptions about the disease to the students.
Assessment of Oral Health Status and Practices among Children Aged 5 to 16 Years in Kakajo Zone Two, Bukesa Parish, Kampala District.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Afayo, Samuel.
Introduction: Kakajjo zone two is a slum community found in Bukesa parish Kampala central division. It highly congested with a population predominantly composed of children and adolescents. The residents in this community are likely to be of low Social economic status. The local area does not have any dental clinics, however, dental conditions exist with in the community and this is seen by the cases reported to be received by the Drug shops and other clinics in the community, yet many other similar conditions remain concealed in the community. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the oral health status and practices of children aged 5-16 years in kakajjo zone two, Bukesa Parish Kampala Central Division. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 173 respondents for which 91 were females and 82 were males. These were randomly selected from kakajjo zone two. Data on oral health state and practices was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. Results: Of all the children, 97.1% of them ate sugary snacks. All the children ate between meals. Potatoes as well as starchy snacks were eaten most between meals. More than a third (94.6%) of the children brushed their teeth. 66.5% brushed regularly, 79.2% did not brush before bed time, and 81% did not brush after eating sugary snacks. Of all the children, 83.8% of the children had not visited a dentist in the past one year. 40% of the children had decayed teeth, 22.5% had missing teeth and none of the children (0%) had filled teeth as far as the DMF-T criteria is concerned. 24.9% of the children presented with caliculus. No other oral health condition was found. Conclusion: Majority of the children had a high dental caries experience due to high consumption of sugary snacks and not brushing thereafter, not brushing before bed time. This was followed by parental negligence as far as the oral health of their children is concerned, irregular brushing habits, and lack of routine dental checkup visits and the lack of an operational Dental Clinic in the local community. Recommendations: There should be massive and regular community mobilizations and sensitization on Oral health and practices so that parents are equipped with proper knowledge on oral health in order to be in position to protect the oral health of their children. Key words: Oral health status, Oral health practices, Kakajjo zone two.
Assessment Of Patients Satisfaction With Health Care Services At The Out-Patient Department Of Naguru-China Hospital
(CIU, 2018-12) Okello, Hillary
ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients‟ satisfaction remains an important indicator for quality health services and in order to ensure to promote patients‟ health seeking behaviors it is important to pinpoint which areas at the Outpatient department of a hospital causes patients to lose satisfaction in the service. Objectives of the study: To assess patients‟ satisfaction with; medical services, waiting time and the organizational care at the OPD of NCH. Methods: A cross-sectional study done with real-time data collection. Tools such as standard questionnaires and an observational checklist were employed. For analysis, Microsoft excel was used for data entry and transfers were made to IBM SPSS Version 23 for analysis. Results: Overall, patients‟ opinion was observed to be fairly good and appeared to be fairly satisfied with the health services at OPD in NCH. With much praise going to the availability of drugs and staff being present to attend to patients. Also the dress code of the staff showed professionalism and brought satisfaction to most of the patients. However, the downsides are in queuing indiscipline by other patients while in line to receive drugs, also long waiting time while at the consultation area. Conclusion: Most patients appreciate the presence of the facility design that accommodates handicapped patients and those using wheel chairs, also the presence of most drugs was noted and professionalism by the staff especially in courtesy and dress code. Other than that, the only challenges were in long waiting times of more than 1 hour by over 68.4% of the patients experiencing this. Recommendations: The research study identified key areas that can be improved in order to promote patients‟ satisfaction with the health services received at the OPD in NCH. Areas such as waiting time to see the doctor; this could probably be solved by having more staff to tackle the big load of patients flowing into the OPD and also starting time can also be adjusted so as to manage the patients faster and earlier.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pregnant Mothers on Antenatal Care Services in Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Mubende District in Uganda
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Kisakye, Edward.
Mubende town is one of the remote towns of Uganda with high population growth rate. The town is located in Mubende district. The main objectives of the study were to determine ANC alternatives being undertaken in Mubende town, to determine factors influencing attendance for ANC services and to establish the knowledge of mothers about the benefits of seeking ANC early. Data was gathered under a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires and interview guide were used as tools for data collection. Data was gathered from pregnant mothers, ANC nurses plus pregnant mothers who were in their first to fourth trimester. The study established pregnant women and mothers were using ANC alternatives such as TBAs, traditional healers and herbs. As regards ANC attendance, the study observed that demographic, social -cultural and behavioral barriers like female literacy; poverty, age of women, cultural beliefs, quality of care, availability of ANC alternatives and myths and misconceptions influenced the timing and practice ANC provisions. Characteristics of reproductive age mothers in the area of study affect the decision to utilize of the provisions at the ANC. Conclusions of the study was that; the intervention measures in place to improve women access and utilization of ANC services mainly address the supply side and ignore the demand side which makes the whole process fail to improve the situation on ground. The study recommended that, to improve the level of ANC utilization in Mubende town, there is need to train health workers on service delivery, community sensitization on the values of ANC, equipping and stocking of enough drugs.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of International Health Sciences University Female Students Towards Breast Self Examination.
(International Health Sciences University., 2014-11) Buyana, David.
Introduction. Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths world wide, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths in less developed. In Uganda it is the second main cause of non HIV cancer related deaths. Facilities for early screening are extremely limited yet early diagnosis improves survival. The use of mammograms, Ultra sound scans and clinical breast examination is limited in Uganda, Breast self examination is recommended by the national cancer institute as the best method for early detection of breast cancer in Uganda. Objective. Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of breast self examination among female students of International health sciences university. Method. The study was a descriptive cross section study where 146 female students volunteered to participate. Data was collected using simple random sampling with the use of structured administered questionnaires that included socio-demographic, knowledge, attitudes and practices. Results. The study consisted of 146 International Health Sciences University female students, majority 87(59.6%) were aged 20-24 years. 105(71.9%) were single, 140(95.9%) had heard about BSE where by health facilities and schools were the source of information for most of the respondents. Less than half of the respondents 39(27%) knew the right age to begin BSE and only 70(47.9%) knew that BSE should be monthly. Altogether 141(96.5%) had a positive attitude. 107(73.3%) had ever done BSE and 97(90.7%) of them were currently doing it. 97(66.4%) knew that the best position is standing in front of the mirror, majority 133(91. 1%) knew the part of the hand used when palpating. 101(69.2%) reported that they feel for breast lump. 28(19.2%) feel for thickening and 17(11.6%) did not know. Conclusion. There is a positive attitude towards 13SF among students. Many female students in the university practice BSF in a way which is not right. Recommendations. There is need for emphasizing the correct technique and need to evaluate BSE efficacy.
Assessment of the level of adherence to prescribed medicine at Lwamata sub county Kiboga district Uganda:
(International Health Sciences University., 2015-12) Kisoro, Sharon
Introduction This study was to assess the level of adherence to prescribed medicine in Lwamata sub county Kiboga district in common health conditions. The main objective was to assess the factors influencing the level of adherence to prescribed medicine .And the specific objective were, to assess socio- economic factors that influencing the level of adherence to prescribed medicine. To assess demographic factors that influence the level of adherence to prescribed medicine in selected common medical conditions. And to assess facility factors that influence the level of adherence to prescribed medicine Methods The study adopted a cross sectional survey with a sample size of 392 respondents from which both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Results The major results from the study showed that the level of adherence to prescribed medicine is affected by different factors which included socioeconomic, facility and demographic factors. These showing that 75.6% of respondents complete their dosage and 23.4 %do not complete there dosage. It also showed that 51 percent following the doctor’s prescription, followed by those who take their medicine only when sick with a total percentage of 23.5. Those who take their medicine only when they get time were 20.4 percent of respondents. And the smallest 5.1% said they take their medicine when they feel like because the symptoms of the condition have disappeared. Recommendation The study recommends the following; The government needs to construct health facilities in every parish to ensure that every citizen accesses health care when in need of it, every health facility needs to be fully stocked with medicines to ensure that every person receives a complete dosage to cater for individuals who cannot afford buying medicine from pharmacies and drug shops, there is need to empower the communities through income generating activities in order to improve on levels of house hold income. This will improve on their finances and the ability to seek health care, there is also need by government to motivate health care workers at the health facilities through increasing their remuneration and paying in time. This will empower health care workers to perform their work efficiently, the government should sensitize communities on the importance of completing the prescribed treatment.
Attitude Of the Seronegative Partner Towards The Index Partner In HIV-Serodiscordant Relationships At The Aids Support Organisation,Mbarara, Uganda
(CIU, 2018-12) Ataryeba, Henon
ABSTRACT Background: The aim of the study was to find out the attitude of the HIV-seronegative partner towards the index partner in HIV-serodiscordant relationships. Due to their constant and frequent exposure, HIV-serodiscordant couples are among the high-risk people for acquiring HIV. For effective prevention, care and support services, there is a need to understand the attitude of the seronegative partner towards the index in discordant relationships which directly affects prevention. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 73 respondents who were in discordant relationships were voluntarily enrolled for this study which employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to interpret the data obtained. The respondents were recruited using convenient consecutive sampling and a questionnaire was used to extract primary data. Data were analysed using the SPSS package and MS Excel. Results: Of the 73 seronegative partners investigated, 25 (35.61%) were male, while 48 (64.38%) were female. Attitude findings were largely positive; social support (80.90%), treatment support at (79.50%), of the negative attitudes, anxiety (63.00%), sexual avoidance (53.40%), risk compensation (52.10%), were the highest. Furthermore, the findings on the effect of serodiscordance on couple or families at large were broad including increased social support with disclosure before the relationship, physical violence, rape, stigma, discrimination, just to mention a few. The study got a finding that most couples were using a blend of two or more preventive strategies with condoms being the most used method. Conclusion: Generally, men are most likely HIV positive in discordant relationships and there is no poor attitude towards the index partner in discordant relationships. However, there are some isolated cases of an extremely poor attitude. Recommendations: HIV prevention programs should be more focused on men; SMC. There is also an urgent need for female-initiated and controlled preventive measures. PrEP should be given as part of a preventive package including screening for long term toxicities and resistance; prevention should not be limited to one method. Last but not least, there is a need for community-based counselling services.
Availability and Utilization of Sanitation Facilities in Primary Schools in Ssabagabo - Makindye Sub County Wakiso District.
(International Health Sciences University., 2015-12) Asiimwe, Christian
Poor sanitation has been found to be a big difficulty in schools. This study therefore investigates the availability and utilization of sanitation facilities in primary schools in ssabagabo-makindye sub county wakiso district. To help with the study the following objectives were considered. The availability, functionality, utilisation and awareness of the consequences of poor sanitation among pupils in primary schools of Ssabagabo- Makindye sub county Wakiso district . Despite the efforts by Ministry of Education, Water Environment and Sanitation (WES) programme and UNICEF to address the problem of poor sanitation in schools little is known about the availability and utilization of the sanitation facilities and hygiene in the primary schools in Ssabagabo-Makindye sub county. The study was descriptive in nature and the study population were the pupils and Head teachers of the schools the study was carried out in. the area of study was Ssabagabo-Makindye sub county Wakiso district a total of 167 respondents participated in the study and a Kish and Lesley method was used to calculate the sample size. The required information was gathered through interviews, questioners and an observation check list. The data presentation and analysis was done using Microsoft Excel Office. It was found that even if all the primary schools had variety of sanitation facilities, they are poorly utilized, not enough to meet the number of users, luck of sanitation materials and not usually clean. This according to key in formant interviews is as a result of many factors including students background and upbringing, discipline regarding personal hygiene and weakness in implementation of sanitation and hygiene policies by the schools. School can come up with solution this these problems by designing sanitation and hygiene policies and programs to groom pupils, regular cleaning of facilities, School administration should conduct regular monitoring and evaluation of the pupils in terms of sanitation and hygiene and school administrations should handle challenges on sanitation right from the root rather than trying to manage the consequences of the problem.